Hardee Karen, Croce-Galis Melanie, Gay Jill
Population Council, 4301 Connecticut Ave NW, Ste. 280, Washington, DC, 20008, USA.
What Works Association, 54 Mills St, Morristown, New Jersey, 07960, USA.
Reprod Health. 2017 Jan 23;14(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12978-017-0278-5.
Although the range of contraceptives includes methods for men, namely condoms, vasectomy and withdrawal that men use directly, and the Standard Days Method (SDM) that requires their participation, family planning programming has primarily focused on women. What is known about reaching men as contraceptive users? This paper draws from a review of 47 interventions that reached men and proposes 10 key considerations for strengthening programming for men as contraceptive users. A review of programming shows that men and boys are not particularly well served by programs. Most programs operate from the perspective that women are contraceptive users and that men should support their partners, with insufficient attention to reaching men as contraceptive users in their own right. The notion that family planning is women's business only is outdated. There is sufficient evidence demonstrating men's desire for information and services, as well as men's positive response to existing programming to warrant further programming for men as FP users. The key considerations focus on getting information and services where men and boys need it; addressing gender norms that affect men's attitudes and use while respecting women's autonomy; reaching adolescent boys; including men as users in policies and guidelines; scaling up successful programming; filling gaps with implementation research and monitoring & evaluation; and creating more contraceptive options for men.
尽管避孕方法的范围包括男性使用的方法，即避孕套、输精管切除术和体外排精，以及需要男性参与的标准日法（SDM），但计划生育规划主要侧重于女性。关于促使男性成为避孕使用者，我们了解多少呢？本文基于对47项针对男性的干预措施的综述，提出了加强针对男性避孕使用者的规划的10个关键考虑因素。对规划的综述表明，男性和男孩并未得到项目的特别良好服务。大多数项目的运作理念是女性是避孕使用者，男性应支持其伴侣，而对促使男性自身成为避孕使用者的关注不足。认为计划生育只是女性的事情这一观念已经过时。有充分证据表明男性对信息和服务有需求，以及男性对现有项目有积极反应，这足以证明有必要进一步开展针对男性计划生育使用者的项目。关键考虑因素集中在将信息和服务提供到男性和男孩需要的地方；在尊重女性自主权的同时，解决影响男性态度和使用情况的性别规范；接触青少年男孩；将男性作为使用者纳入政策和指南；扩大成功项目的规模；通过实施研究以及监测与评估来填补空白；以及为男性创造更多避孕选择。
