Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Forth Valley Health Board, Larbert, Scotland, UK.
NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2017 Jan 23;27(1):3. doi: 10.1038/s41533-016-0001-y.
Allergic rhinitis is a frequent presenting problem in primary care in the UK, and has increased in prevalence over the last 30 years. When symptomatic, patients report significant reduction in their quality of life and impairment in school and work performance. Achieving adequate symptom control is pivotal to successful allergic rhinitis management, and relies mostly on pharmacotherapy. While it is recognised that most mild-moderate allergic rhinitis symptoms can be managed successfully in primary care, important gaps in general practitioner training in relation to allergic rhinitis have been identified. With the availability of new effective combination therapies, such as the novel intranasal formulation of azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate in a single device (Dymista®; Meda), the majority of allergic rhinitis symptoms can be treated in the primary care setting. The primary objective of this consensus statement is to improve diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis in primary care, and offer guidance on appropriate referral of difficult-to-treat patients into secondary care. The guidance provided herein outlines a sequential treatment pathway for allergic rhinitis in primary care that incorporates a considered approach to improve the management of allergic rhinitis symptoms and improve compliance and patient satisfaction with therapy. Adherence with this care pathway has the potential to limit the cost of providing effective allergic rhinitis management in the UK by avoiding unnecessary treatments and investigations, and avoiding the need for costly referrals to secondary care in the majority of allergic rhinitis cases. The fundamentals presented in this consensus article should apply in most health-care settings.
变应性鼻炎是英国初级保健中常见的问题,在过去 30 年中患病率有所增加。出现症状时,患者报告生活质量明显下降,学业和工作表现受损。实现充分的症状控制是成功管理变应性鼻炎的关键,主要依赖于药物治疗。虽然大多数轻度至中度变应性鼻炎症状可以在初级保健中成功治疗,但已经发现全科医生在变应性鼻炎方面的培训存在重要差距。随着新型有效的联合疗法(如单剂量装置中盐酸氮卓斯汀和丙酸氟替卡松的新型鼻内制剂 Dymista®;Meda)的出现,大多数变应性鼻炎症状可以在初级保健环境中得到治疗。本共识声明的主要目的是改善初级保健中的变应性鼻炎诊断和治疗,并就如何将难以治疗的患者适当转诊到二级保健提供指导。本指南概述了初级保健中变应性鼻炎的序贯治疗途径,其中考虑了改善变应性鼻炎症状管理、提高治疗依从性和患者满意度的方法。遵循这一护理途径有可能通过避免不必要的治疗和检查,避免在大多数变应性鼻炎病例中向二级保健转诊,从而限制在英国提供有效变应性鼻炎管理的成本。本文共识中提出的基本原则应适用于大多数医疗保健环境。