Zoabi Yara, Levi-Schaffer Francesca, Eliashar Ron
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel.
Department of Otolaryngology/HNS, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Biomedicines. 2022 Oct 5;10(10):2486. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102486.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common rhinopathy that affects up to 30% of the adult population. It is defined as an inflammation of the nasal mucosa, develops in allergic individuals, and is detected mostly by a positive skin-prick test. AR is characterized by a triad of nasal congestion, and sneezing. Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune system effector cells that play a pivotal role in innate immunity and modulating adaptive immunity, rendering them as key cells of allergic inflammation and thus of allergic diseases. MCs are typically located in body surfaces exposed to the external environment such as the nasal mucosa. Due to their location in the nasal mucosa, they are in the first line of defense against inhaled substances such as allergens. IgE-dependent activation of MCs in the nasal mucosa following exposure to allergens in a sensitized individual is a cardinal mechanism in the pathophysiology of AR. This review is a comprehensive summary of MCs' involvement in the development of AR symptoms and how classical AR medications, as well as emerging AR therapies, modulate MCs and MC-derived mediators involved in the development of AR.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种常见的鼻病，影响着高达30%的成年人群。它被定义为鼻黏膜的炎症，发生于过敏个体，主要通过皮肤点刺试验阳性来检测。AR的特征是鼻充血、流涕和打喷嚏三联征。肥大细胞（MCs）是先天性免疫系统效应细胞，在先天性免疫和调节适应性免疫中起关键作用，使其成为变应性炎症以及变应性疾病的关键细胞。MCs通常位于暴露于外部环境的身体表面，如鼻黏膜。由于它们位于鼻黏膜，它们处于抵御吸入物质（如过敏原）的第一道防线。在致敏个体接触过敏原后，鼻黏膜中MCs的IgE依赖性激活是AR病理生理学的主要机制。本综述全面总结了MCs在AR症状发展中的作用，以及经典的AR药物和新兴的AR治疗方法如何调节参与AR发展的MCs和MC衍生介质。
