Fujiwara Tomohiro, Ozaki Toshifumi
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan; Department of Intelligent Orthopaedic System, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 7008558, Japan.
Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:2603092. doi: 10.1155/2016/2603092. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
Bone sarcomas are heterogeneous malignant tumors that exhibit clinical, histological, and molecular heterogeneity. Recent progress in their multimodal treatment has gradually improved patient prognosis; however, drug resistance and distant metastasis remain unresolved clinical problems. Recent investigations have suggested the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in bone sarcomas, which represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with high tumor-forming ability. The hallmarks of CSCs include tumor- and metastasis-forming potential and drug resistance, which are responsible for poor prognoses of bone sarcoma patients. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of CSCs and identification of therapeutic targets could contribute to novel treatment strategies for bone sarcomas and improve patient prognosis. This paper provides an overview of the accumulating knowledge on bone sarcoma stem cells and preclinical analyses to overcome their lethal phenotypes, in addition to a discussion of their potential for novel therapeutics for bone sarcomas.
骨肉瘤是异质性恶性肿瘤，表现出临床、组织学和分子层面的异质性。其多模式治疗的最新进展已逐渐改善了患者预后；然而，耐药性和远处转移仍是尚未解决的临床问题。最近的研究表明骨肉瘤中存在癌症干细胞样细胞（CSCs），它们代表具有高肿瘤形成能力的肿瘤细胞亚群。CSCs的特征包括肿瘤形成和转移潜能以及耐药性，这些是骨肉瘤患者预后不良的原因。因此，阐明CSCs的分子机制并确定治疗靶点有助于制定骨肉瘤的新治疗策略并改善患者预后。本文概述了关于骨肉瘤干细胞的积累知识以及克服其致死表型的临床前分析，此外还讨论了它们在骨肉瘤新疗法中的潜力。
