Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia.
Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 19;24(10):8993. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108993.
The major challenges in Osteosarcoma (OS) therapy are its heterogeneity and drug resistance. The development of new therapeutic approaches to overcome the major growth mechanisms of OS is urgently needed. The search for specific molecular targets and promising innovative approaches in OS therapy, including drug delivery methods, is an urgent problem. Modern regenerative medicine focuses on harnessing the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because they have low immunogenicity. MSCs are important cells that have received considerable attention in cancer research. Currently, new cell-based methods for using MSCs in medicine are being actively investigated and tested, especially as carriers for chemotherapeutics, nanoparticles, and photosensitizers. However, despite the inexhaustible regenerative potential and known anticancer properties of MSCs, they may trigger the development and progression of bone tumors. A better understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms of OS pathogenesis is essential to identify novel molecular effectors involved in oncogenesis. The current review focuses on signaling pathways and miRNAs involved in the development of OS and describes the role of MSCs in oncogenesis and their potential for antitumor cell-based therapy.
骨肉瘤（OS）治疗的主要挑战是其异质性和耐药性。迫切需要开发新的治疗方法来克服 OS 的主要生长机制。寻找 OS 治疗中特定的分子靶点和有前途的创新方法，包括药物递送方法，是一个紧迫的问题。现代再生医学专注于利用间充质干细胞（MSCs）的潜力，因为它们的免疫原性较低。MSCs 是重要的细胞，在癌症研究中受到了相当多的关注。目前，正在积极研究和测试新的基于细胞的方法，将 MSCs 用于医学，特别是作为化疗药物、纳米颗粒和光敏剂的载体。然而，尽管 MSCs 具有无穷无尽的再生潜力和已知的抗癌特性，但它们可能会引发骨肿瘤的发展和进展。更好地了解 OS 发病机制的复杂细胞和分子机制对于确定参与肿瘤发生的新分子效应物至关重要。本综述重点介绍了参与 OS 发展的信号通路和 miRNA，并描述了 MSCs 在肿瘤发生中的作用及其在抗肿瘤细胞治疗中的潜力。
