Laszlo R, Scharhag J, Burgstahler C, Striegel H, Steinacker J M
Sektion Sport- und Rehabilitationsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89070, Ulm, Deutschland.
Institut für Sport- und Bewegungsmedizin, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Deutschland.
Herz. 2018 Feb;43(1):53-60. doi: 10.1007/s00059-016-4521-6. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Physical activity is nowadays an established therapeutic principle concerning primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, in internal sports medicine various aspects go beyond basic cardiological knowledge and require special medical expertise (sports cardiology). Acute cardiac risk is increased during physical activity; therefore, physical activity should be individually phased under consideration of the whole clinical situation. Physical training results in a functional adaptation of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, a structural adaptation can also be observed in competitive athletes but a differentiation between athlete's heart and cardiomyopathy is sometimes challenging. Preparticipation screening verifiably reduces the incidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes. Respective recommendations for the required diagnostics have been published and statutory health insurances are increasingly more willing to bear the incurred costs. Statistically, doping is more frequent in performance-orientated leisure time sports than in competitive sports. Drugs which are relevant for doping have partially irreversible cardiac side effects.
如今，体育活动是心血管疾病一级和二级预防的既定治疗原则；因此，在内科运动医学中，各个方面都超出了基本心脏病学知识的范畴，需要特殊的医学专业知识（运动心脏病学）。体育活动期间急性心脏风险会增加；因此，应根据整体临床情况对体育活动进行个体化分阶段安排。体育锻炼会导致心血管系统的功能适应。此外，在竞技运动员中也可观察到结构适应，但区分运动员心脏和心肌病有时具有挑战性。赛前筛查可切实降低运动员心源性猝死的发生率。已发布了所需诊断的相关建议，法定健康保险也越来越愿意承担由此产生的费用。从统计数据来看，以表现为导向的休闲体育活动中使用兴奋剂的情况比竞技体育中更为频繁。与兴奋剂相关的药物部分具有不可逆的心脏副作用。
