Jammes Yves, Behr Michel, Llari Maxime, Bonicel Sarah, Weber Jean Paul, Berdah Stephane
a UMR MD2 Dysoxia and Suractivity, Faculty of Medicine, Aix Marseille University , Marseille , France.
b School of Podiatry , Marseille , France.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Aug 18;18(6):636-641. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1274978. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
We compared the differences in the braking response to vehicle collision between an active human emergency braking (control condition) and cruise control (CC) or adaptive cruise control (ACC).
In 11 male subjects, age 22 to 67 years, we measured the active emergency braking response during manual driving using the accelerator pedal (control condition) or in condition mimicking CC or ACC. In both conditions, we measured the brake reaction time (BRT), delay to produce the peak braking force (PBD), total emergency braking response (BRT + PBD), and peak braking force (PBF). Electromyograms of leg and thigh muscles were recorded during braking. The tonic vibratory response (TVR), Hoffman reflex (HR), and M-waves were recorded in leg muscles to explore the change in sensorimotor control.
No difference in PBF, TVR amplitude, HR latency, and H/M ratio were found between the control and CC/ACC conditions. On the other hand, BRT and PBD were significantly lengthened in the CC/ACC condition (240 ± 13 ms and 704 ± 70 ms, respectively) compared to control (183 ± 7 ms and 568 ± 36 ms, respectively). BRT increased with the age of participants and the driving experience shortened PBD and increased PBF.
In male subjects, driving in a CC/ACC condition significantly delays the active emergency braking response to vehicle collision. This could result from higher amplitude of leg motion in the CC/ACC condition and/or by the age-related changes in motor control. Car and truck drivers must take account of the significant increase in the braking distance in a CC/ACC condition.
我们比较了主动式人工紧急制动（对照条件）与巡航控制（CC）或自适应巡航控制（ACC）在车辆碰撞时制动反应的差异。
在11名年龄在22至67岁之间的男性受试者中，我们测量了在手动驾驶时使用加速踏板进行主动紧急制动反应（对照条件），或在模拟CC或ACC的条件下进行测量。在两种条件下，我们测量了制动反应时间（BRT）、产生最大制动力的延迟时间（PBD）、总紧急制动反应（BRT + PBD）以及最大制动力（PBF）。在制动过程中记录腿部和大腿肌肉的肌电图。记录腿部肌肉的强直性振动反应（TVR）、霍夫曼反射（HR）和M波，以探索感觉运动控制的变化。
对照条件与CC/ACC条件之间在PBF、TVR幅度、HR潜伏期和H/M比值方面未发现差异。另一方面，与对照条件（分别为183±7毫秒和568±36毫秒）相比，CC/ACC条件下的BRT和PBD显著延长（分别为240±13毫秒和704±70毫秒）。BRT随着参与者年龄的增加而增加，驾驶经验则缩短了PBD并增加了PBF。
在男性受试者中，在CC/ACC条件下驾驶会显著延迟对车辆碰撞的主动紧急制动反应。这可能是由于CC/ACC条件下腿部运动幅度较大和/或运动控制方面与年龄相关的变化所致。汽车和卡车驾驶员必须考虑到在CC/ACC条件下制动距离的显著增加。
