Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Caries Res. 2017;51(2):87-95. doi: 10.1159/000452960. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
To exert anticaries effects, probiotics are described to inhibit growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans (SM). We screened 8 probiotics and assessed how SM growth or biofilm formation inhibition affects cariogenicity of probiotic-SM mixed-species biofilms in vitro. Growth inhibition was assessed by cocultivating probiotics and 2 SM strains (ATCC 20532/25175) on agar. Probiotics were either precultured before SM cultivation (exclusion), or SM precultured prior to probiotic cultivation (displacement). Inhibition of SM culture growth was assessed visually. Inhibition of SM biofilm formation on bovine enamel was assessed using a continuous-flow short-term biofilm model, again in exclusion or displacement mode. The cariogenicity of mixed-species biofilms of SM with the most promising growth and biofilm formation inhibiting probiotic strains was assessed using an artificial mouth model, and enamel mineral loss (ΔZ) was measured microradiographically. We found limited differences in SM growth inhibition in exclusion versus displacement mode, and in inhibition of SM 20532 versus 25175. Results were therefore pooled. Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 inhibited significantly more SM culture growth than most other probiotics. L. casei LC-11 inhibited SM biofilm formation similarly to other alternatives but showed the highest retention of probiotics in the biofilms (p < 0.05). Mineral loss from SM monospecies biofilms (ΔZ = 9,772, 25th/75th percentiles: 6,277/13,558 vol% × µm) was significantly lower than from mixed-species SM × LA-5 biofilms (ΔZ = 24,578, 25th/75th percentiles: 19,081/28,768 vol% × µm; p < 0.01) but significantly higher than from SM × LC-11 biofilms (ΔZ = 4,835, 25th/75th percentiles: 263/7,865 vol% × µm; p < 0.05). Probiotics inhibiting SM culture growth do not necessarily reduce the cariogenicity of SM-probiotic biofilms. Nevertheless, SM biofilm formation inhibition may be relevant in the reduction of cariogenicity.
为了发挥抗龋作用，益生菌被描述为抑制致龋菌如变形链球菌（SM）的生长和生物膜形成。我们筛选了 8 株益生菌，并评估了 SM 生长或生物膜形成抑制如何影响体外益生菌-SM 混合物种生物膜的致龋性。通过在琼脂上共培养益生菌和 2 株 SM 菌株（ATCC 20532/25175）来评估生长抑制。益生菌在 SM 培养之前进行预培养（排除），或在益生菌培养之前进行 SM 预培养（置换）。通过肉眼观察来评估 SM 培养生长的抑制。通过连续流动短期生物膜模型评估 SM 生物膜形成的抑制，同样采用排除或置换模式。使用人工口腔模型评估具有最有前途的生长和生物膜形成抑制益生菌菌株的 SM 混合物种生物膜的致龋性，并通过显微放射照相术测量牙釉质矿物质损失（ΔZ）。我们发现排除与置换模式、SM 20532 与 25175 之间的 SM 生长抑制差异有限。因此，结果被汇总。嗜酸乳杆菌 LA-5 对 SM 培养物的生长抑制作用明显大于大多数其他益生菌。L. casei LC-11 对 SM 生物膜形成的抑制作用与其他替代方法相似，但在生物膜中保留的益生菌最多（p<0.05）。来自 SM 单物种生物膜的矿物质损失（ΔZ=9,772，25 百分位/75 百分位：6,277/13,558 体积%×µm）明显低于来自 SM×LA-5 混合物种生物膜的矿物质损失（ΔZ=24,578，25 百分位/75 百分位：19,081/28,768 体积%×µm；p<0.01），但明显高于来自 SM×LC-11 混合物种生物膜的矿物质损失（ΔZ=4,835，25 百分位/75 百分位：263/7,865 体积%×µm；p<0.05）。抑制 SM 培养物生长的益生菌不一定会降低 SM-益生菌生物膜的致龋性。然而，SM 生物膜形成抑制可能与降低致龋性有关。
