Turner Samantha L, Johnson Rhodri D, Weightman Alison L, Rodgers Sarah E, Arthur Geri, Bailey Rowena, Lyons Ronan A
Farr Institute, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Specialist Unit for Review Evidence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Inj Prev. 2017 Apr;23(2):131-137. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042174. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
To identify the distinguishing risk factors associated with unintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths.
Systematic review.
A range of bibliographical databases and grey literature were searched from their earliest records to January 2016. To ensure the magnitude of risk could be quantified, only those study types which contained a control group, and undertook appropriate statistical analyses were included. A best evidence synthesis was conducted instead of a meta-analysis due to study heterogeneity.
Eleven studies investigating a variety of risk factors and outcomes were identified. Studies ranged from medium to low quality with no high quality studies identified. Characteristics commonly associated with increased risk of house fire incidents, injuries and fatalities included: higher numbers of residents, male, children under the age of 5 years, non-working households, smoking, low income, non-privately owned properties, apartments and buildings in poor condition. Several risk factors were only associated with one outcome (eg, living alone was only associated with increased risk of injurious fires), and households with older residents were at increased risk of injurious fires, but significantly less likely to experience a house fire in the first place.
This best evidence synthesis indicates that several resident and property characteristics are associated with risk of experiencing house fire incidents, injuries or death. These findings should be considered by the Fire and Rescue Services and others with a role in fire prevention. Future research should adopt robust, standardised study designs to permit meta-analyses and enable stronger conclusions to be drawn.
确定与意外房屋火灾事故、伤害及死亡相关的显著风险因素。
系统综述。
检索了一系列书目数据库及灰色文献，涵盖从其最早记录至2016年1月的资料。为确保能够对风险程度进行量化，仅纳入那些包含对照组并进行了适当统计分析的研究类型。由于研究存在异质性，因此进行了最佳证据综合分析而非荟萃分析。
共识别出11项调查各种风险因素及结果的研究。研究质量从中等到低等，未发现高质量研究。与房屋火灾事故、伤害及死亡风险增加通常相关的特征包括：居民数量较多、男性、5岁以下儿童、无工作家庭、吸烟、低收入、非自有房产、公寓及状况不佳的建筑物。若干风险因素仅与一种结果相关（例如，独居仅与伤害性火灾风险增加相关），而有老年居民的家庭伤害性火灾风险增加，但首先发生房屋火灾的可能性显著较低。
这一最佳证据综合分析表明，若干居民及房产特征与房屋火灾事故、伤害或死亡风险相关。消防与救援部门及其他负有火灾预防职责的机构应考虑这些发现。未来的研究应采用稳健、标准化的研究设计，以进行荟萃分析并得出更有力的结论。
