Karppinen Erin M, Stewart Katherine J, Farrell Richard E, Siciliano Steven D
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada; Toxicology Group, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2017 Apr;173:330-339. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.016. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) degradation slows significantly during the winter which substantially increases the time it takes to remediate soil in Arctic landfarms. The aim of this laboratory trial was to assess the potential of a meat and bonemeal (MBM) biochar to stimulate PHC degradation in contaminated soil collected from Iqaluit, Canada. Over 90 days, 3% (w/w) MBM biochar significantly increased F3- (equivalent nC-C) PHC degradation rate constants (k) in frozen soils when compared to the fertilizer (urea and monoammonium phosphate) control. Taking into consideration extensive variability within treatments and negative k values, this difference may not reflect significant remediation. Decreasing C/Pr and C/Ph ratios in the frozen soil suggest that this reduction is a result of microbial degradation rather than volatilization. Amendment type and application rate affected the immediate abiotic losses of F2 and F3-PHC in sterile soils, with the greatest losses occurring in compost-amended treatments in the first 24 h. In frozen soils, MBM biochar was found to increase liquid water content (θ) but not nutrient supply rates. Under frozen but not thawed conditions, genes for aromatic (C2,3O and nahAc) but not aliphatic (alkB) PHC degradation increased over time in both biochar-amended and control treatments but total viable PHC-degrading populations only increased in biochar-amended soils. Based on these results, it is possible that PHC degradation in biochar-amended soils is active and even enhanced under frozen conditions, but further investigation is required.
在冬季，石油烃（PHC）的降解速度显著减缓，这大幅增加了北极陆地农场土壤修复所需的时间。本实验室试验的目的是评估肉骨粉（MBM）生物炭刺激从加拿大伊魁特采集的受污染土壤中PHC降解的潜力。在90天的时间里，与肥料（尿素和磷酸一铵）对照相比，3%（w/w）的MBM生物炭显著提高了冻土中F3 - （等效nC - C）PHC的降解速率常数（k）。考虑到各处理间存在广泛的变异性以及负的k值，这种差异可能并不反映显著的修复效果。冻土中C/Pr和C/Ph比值的降低表明这种减少是微生物降解而非挥发的结果。改良剂类型和施用量影响了无菌土壤中F2和F3 - PHC的即时非生物损失，在最初24小时内，堆肥改良处理中的损失最大。在冻土中，发现MBM生物炭增加了液态水含量（θ），但未提高养分供应速率。在冻结但未解冻的条件下，生物炭改良处理和对照处理中，芳香族（C2,3O和nahAc）而非脂肪族（alkB）PHC降解基因随时间增加，但总活性PHC降解菌群仅在生物炭改良土壤中增加。基于这些结果，生物炭改良土壤中的PHC降解在冻结条件下可能是活跃的甚至有所增强，但仍需进一步研究。
