School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Environ Int. 2021 Sep;154:106553. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106553. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Petroleum hydrocarbons represent one of the most common soil contaminants, whose presence poses a significant risk to soil biota and human health; for example, in Europe, hydrocarbon contamination accounts for more than 30% of contaminated sites. The use of biochar as a proposed alternative to the conventional remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons has gained credence in recent times because of its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature. Biochar is a carbonaceous material produced by heating biomass in an oxygen-limited environment at high temperature. This review provides an overview of the application of biochar to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, with emphasis on the possibility of biochar functioning as a biostimulation agent. The properties of biochar were also examined. Furthermore, the mechanism, ecotoxicological impact and possible factors affecting biochar-based remediation are discussed. The review concludes by examining the drawbacks of biochar use in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils and how to mitigate them. Biochar impacts soil microbes, which may result in the promotion of the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil. Linear regression between bacterial population and degradation efficiency showed that R was higher (0.50) and significant in treatment amended with biochar or both biochar and nutrient/fertiliser (p < 0.01), compared to treatment with nutrient/fertiliser only or no amendment (R = 0.11). This suggest that one of the key impacts of biochar is enhancing microbial biomass and thus the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biochar represents a promising biostimulation agent for the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. However, there remains key questions to be answered.
石油烃是最常见的土壤污染物之一，其存在对土壤生物群和人类健康构成重大风险；例如，在欧洲，烃类污染占污染场地的 30%以上。由于生物炭具有成本效益和环境友好性，因此作为一种替代传统修复受石油烃污染土壤的方法，近年来得到了认可。生物炭是一种通过在高温下将生物质在有限氧气的环境中加热而产生的含碳物质。本综述概述了生物炭在修复受石油烃污染土壤中的应用，重点介绍了生物炭作为生物刺激剂的可能性。还检查了生物炭的特性。此外，还讨论了生物炭基修复的机制、生态毒理学影响和可能的影响因素。综述最后检查了生物炭在修复受烃污染土壤中的缺点以及如何减轻这些缺点。生物炭会影响土壤微生物，这可能导致土壤中石油烃的降解得到促进。细菌种群与降解效率之间的线性回归表明，与仅添加营养/肥料（R = 0.11）或不添加任何物质（R = 0.11）相比，添加生物炭或生物炭和营养/肥料（R = 0.50）的处理中 R 值更高且更显著（p < 0.01）。这表明生物炭的关键影响之一是增强微生物生物量，从而促进石油烃的生物降解。生物炭是修复受烃污染土壤的有前途的生物刺激剂。然而，仍有一些关键问题需要回答。
