Castillo-Cadena Julieta, Mejia-Sanchez Fernando, López-Arriaga Jerónimo Amado
Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza No.205, Col. Universidad, C.P. 50130, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Mar;24(8):7662-7667. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8429-3. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
Birth defects are the number one cause of child mortality worldwide and in 2010 it was the second cause in Mexico. Congenital malformations are a public health issue, because they cause infant mortality, chronic disease and disability. The origin can be genetic, environmental or unknown causes. Among environmental contaminants, pesticides stand out. In this study, we determine the frequency and etiology of congenital malformations in newborns (NBs) of a floricultural community and we compare it with that in the urban community. For 18 months, the NBs were monitored at the Tenancingo General Hospital and the Mother and Child Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital (IMIEM) in Toluca. The identification of these malformations was carried out in accordance with the WHO. In Tenancingo, 1149 NBs were viewed, where 20% had some kind of congenital malformations. While in the IMIEM, 5069 were reviewed and 6% had some malformation. According to the etiology, in Tenancingo, 69% were multifactorial, 28% were monogenetic and 2% were chromosomal. In the IMIEM, 47% were multifactorial, then 18.3% were monogenetic and 2.8% were chromosomal. There was a significant difference between the global frequency of malformations and the multifactorial etiology of both institutions. Our results show that congenital malformations in the NBs occurred more frequently in the floricultural zone and that because the percentage of multifactorial etiology is higher, it is likely there is an association with exposure to pesticides.
出生缺陷是全球儿童死亡的首要原因，2010年在墨西哥是第二大原因。先天性畸形是一个公共卫生问题，因为它们会导致婴儿死亡、慢性病和残疾。其起源可能是遗传、环境或不明原因。在环境污染物中，农药尤为突出。在本研究中，我们确定了一个花卉种植社区新生儿先天性畸形的发生率和病因，并将其与城市社区进行比较。在18个月的时间里，在特南辛戈综合医院和托卢卡的母婴妇产科医院（IMIEM）对新生儿进行了监测。这些畸形的识别是按照世界卫生组织的标准进行的。在特南辛戈，检查了1149名新生儿，其中20%有某种先天性畸形。而在IMIEM，检查了5069名新生儿，其中6%有某种畸形。根据病因，在特南辛戈，69%是多因素的，28%是单基因的，2%是染色体的。在IMIEM，47%是多因素的，然后18.3%是单基因的，2.8%是染色体的。两个机构畸形的总体发生率和多因素病因之间存在显著差异。我们的结果表明，花卉种植区新生儿先天性畸形的发生率更高，而且由于多因素病因的百分比更高，很可能与接触农药有关。
