School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth & Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; Directorate of Ports and Coasts, Navy of Brazil, Rua Teόfilo Otoni, 4 - Centro, 20090-070 Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil.
PML Applications Ltd, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2017 Mar 15;116(1-2):41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.048. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
The spread of non-native species has been a subject of increasing concern since the 1980s when human-mediated transportation, mainly related to ships' ballast water, was recognized as a major vector for species transportation and spread, although records of non-native species go back as far as 16th Century. Ever increasing world trade and the resulting rise in shipping have highlighted the issue, demanding a response from the international community to the threat of non-native marine species. In the present study, we searched for available literature and databases on shipping and invasive species in the North-eastern (NE) and South-western (SW) Atlantic Ocean and assess the risk represented by the shipping trade between these two regions. There are reports of 44 species associated with high impacts for the NE Atlantic and 15 for the SW Atlantic, although this may be an underestimate. Vectors most cited are ballast water and biofouling for both regions while aquaculture has also been a very significant pathway of introduction and spread of invasive species in the NE Atlantic. Although the two regions have significant shipping traffic, no exchange of invasive species could be directly associated to the shipping between the two regions. However, it seems prudent to bring the exchange of ballast water between the two regions under control as soon as possible.
自 20 世纪 80 年代以来，非本地物种的传播引起了越来越多的关注，当时人类介导的运输，主要与船舶压载水有关，被认为是物种运输和传播的主要载体，尽管非本地物种的记录可以追溯到 16 世纪。世界贸易的不断增加以及由此导致的航运业的增长凸显了这一问题，要求国际社会对非本地海洋物种的威胁做出回应。在本研究中，我们搜索了东北（NE）和西南（SW）大西洋航运和入侵物种的可用文献和数据库，并评估了这两个地区之间航运贸易带来的风险。有报道称，有 44 种物种与东北大西洋的高影响有关，15 种与西南大西洋的高影响有关，尽管这可能是低估了。两个地区最常提到的载体是压载水和生物污损，而水产养殖也是东北大西洋入侵物种引入和传播的一个非常重要的途径。尽管这两个地区的航运交通量很大，但没有直接证据表明这两个地区之间的航运会导致入侵物种的交换。然而，尽快控制这两个地区之间的压载水交换似乎是明智的。
