Calandriello Luigi, Grimaldi Gabriela, Petrone Gianluigi, Rigante Mario, Petroni Sergio, Riso Monica, Savino Gustavo
Department of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Ophthalmology, Fondazione G. B. Bietti-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Department of Ophthalmology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2017 Jul-Aug;62(4):393-403. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.01.004. Epub 2017 Jan 26.
The cavernous venous malformation of the orbit, previously called cavernous hemangioma, is the most common primary orbital lesion of adults. Cavernous venous malformation occurs more often in women and typically presents in the fourth and fifth decades of life. It is a benign vascular malformation characterized by a well-defined capsule and numerous large vascular channels. The most common sign of cavernous venous malformation is progressive axial proptosis from the preferential involvement of the intraconal orbital space. Optic nerve damage and other signs of orbital pathology may be present, with a variable degree of visual impairment. The combination of ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging leads to an accurate diagnosis in the vast majority of cases. Surgical and nonsurgical treatments are required in case of symptomatic lesions, with a characteristic multidisciplinary management influencing optimal outcome. Orbitotomy represents the traditional surgical approach. Recently, the endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbital cavity has gained interest, representing a feasible and safe, less-invasive surgical technique for the management of cavernous venous malformation.
眼眶海绵状静脉畸形，以前称为海绵状血管瘤，是成人最常见的原发性眼眶病变。海绵状静脉畸形在女性中更为常见，通常出现在生命的第四和第五个十年。它是一种良性血管畸形，其特征是有明确的包膜和许多大的血管通道。海绵状静脉畸形最常见的体征是由于眶内肌锥内间隙优先受累而导致的进行性轴性眼球突出。可能存在视神经损伤和其他眼眶病变体征，伴有不同程度的视力损害。超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像相结合，在绝大多数情况下可导致准确诊断。对于有症状的病变，需要手术和非手术治疗，其具有特征性的多学科管理会影响最佳治疗效果。眼眶切开术是传统的手术方法。最近，经鼻内镜进入眶腔的方法引起了关注，它是一种可行、安全、侵入性较小的手术技术，用于治疗海绵状静脉畸形。
