Cavalcante Deborah Navit de Carvalho, Sposito Juliana Caroline Vivian, Crispim Bruno do Amaral, Nascimento André Vieira do, Grisolia Alexeia Barufatti
a Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , Brazil.
b Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology , Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , Brazil.
Toxicol Mech Methods. 2017 Jun;27(5):346-351. doi: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1288767. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
Nuclear abnormalities (micronuclei and meta-nuclear changes) have been used as biomarkers to identify cell damages. As children are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of pollution when compared to adults, assessing genetic damage caused by environmental influences is of great interest. As such, the objective was to determine metanuclear (karyolysis, pycnosis, karyorrhexis, binucleated cells, chromosome bridges and micronuclei) in cells from the oral mucosa of children associated with the school environment, gender, exposure to cigarette smoke and vehicular traffic. Analyses of nuclear abnormalities were performed in exfoliated buccal cells of children from two public schools located in Dourados - MS. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis test considering a significance level of 5% (p < .05). The results showed that children exposed to cigarette smoke presented higher levels of nuclear abnormalities than children who were not usually exposed to this type of mutagenic and genotoxic agent, suggesting that such contaminants are related to clastogenic and aneugenic effects on DNA. Moreover, female children had higher amounts of nuclear abnormalities when compared to male children. With regards to the school environment, the study results indicated statistical differences in of term chromosomal abnormalities for schools A and B. Thus, it was possible to determine that children exposed to cigarette smoke are susceptible to further genetic damage than unexposed children, and female children may be more susceptible to genotoxic and mutagenic agents. This study contributes to the current knowledge on the mutagenic characteristics of human cells, supporting the adoption of preventive Public Health measures.
核异常（微核和核质变化）已被用作识别细胞损伤的生物标志物。由于与成年人相比，儿童更容易受到污染的不利影响，因此评估环境影响所导致的基因损伤备受关注。因此，本研究的目的是确定与学校环境、性别、接触香烟烟雾和车辆交通相关的儿童口腔黏膜细胞中的核质变化（核溶解、核固缩、核碎裂、双核细胞、染色体桥和微核）。对位于南马托格罗索州多拉杜斯的两所公立学校儿童的脱落颊细胞进行了核异常分析。通过Kruskal-Wallis检验对数据进行分析，显著性水平设定为5%（p < 0.05）。结果显示，接触香烟烟雾的儿童比通常未接触这种诱变和基因毒性物质的儿童表现出更高水平的核异常，这表明此类污染物与对DNA的致断裂和非整倍体效应有关。此外，与男童相比，女童的核异常数量更多。关于学校环境，研究结果表明学校A和B在染色体异常方面存在统计学差异。因此，可以确定，接触香烟烟雾的儿童比未接触的儿童更容易受到进一步的基因损伤，并且女童可能对基因毒性和诱变剂更敏感。本研究有助于增进对人类细胞诱变特性的现有认识，支持采取预防性公共卫生措施。
