Ashby Ben, Boots Mike
Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2017 Mar;20(3):357-365. doi: 10.1111/ele.12734. Epub 2017 Jan 29.
Understanding fluctuating selection is important for our understanding of patterns of spatial and temporal diversity in nature. Host-parasite theory has classically assumed fluctuations either occur between highly specific genotypes (matching allele: MA) or from specialism to generalism (gene-for-gene: GFG). However, while MA can only generate one mode of fluctuating selection, we show that GFG can in fact produce both rapid 'within-range' fluctuations (among genotypes with identical levels of investment but which specialise on different subsets of the population) and slower cycling 'between ranges' (different levels of investment), emphasising that MA is a subset of GFG. Our findings closely match empirical observations, although sampling rates need to be high to detect these novel dynamics empirically. Within-range cycling is an overlooked process by which fluctuating selection can occur in nature, suggesting that fluctuating selection may be a more common and important process than previously thought in generating and maintaining diversity.
理解波动选择对于我们理解自然界中空间和时间多样性的模式至关重要。宿主-寄生虫理论传统上假定波动要么发生在高度特异性基因型之间（匹配等位基因：MA），要么从专性向泛化转变（基因对基因：GFG）。然而，虽然MA只能产生一种波动选择模式，但我们表明GFG实际上既能产生快速的“范围内”波动（在具有相同投资水平但专门针对种群不同子集的基因型之间），也能产生较慢的“范围间”循环（不同的投资水平），这强调了MA是GFG的一个子集。我们的发现与实证观察结果密切匹配，尽管需要高采样率才能从经验上检测到这些新动态。范围内循环是一个被忽视的过程，通过这个过程波动选择可以在自然界中发生，这表明波动选择在产生和维持多样性方面可能是一个比以前认为的更常见且更重要的过程。
