Rogers P J, Blundell J E
Psychology Department, University of Leeds, UK.
Physiol Behav. 1989 Jun;45(6):1093-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(89)90093-0.
A comparison was made of the effects on hunger and food intake of consuming preloads varying in sweetness and energy content. The preloads were a plain (unsweetened) yogurt, and the same yogurt sweetened to equal intensity with saccharin or glucose, or supplemented with starch. This balanced design made it possible to assess the consequences of adding sweetness to food as well as the consequences of substituting a nonnutritive sweetener for a caloric sweetener. Subjects (N = 24, repeated measures design) ate the preload at midday and returned one hour later for a sandwich lunch. Food intake in this meal was measured directly, and intake during the remaining part of the day was monitored using home recording in diaries. Hunger was assessed using subjective ratings of motivation to eat. Food intake at lunchtime was significantly greater following the saccharin compared with the plain preload, and parallel effects were revealed by the motivational ratings. Saccharin also stimulated further increases in intake after lunch. Food intake was lowest following the high-energy preloads, with the starch supplemented yogurt producing somewhat the largest suppression of intake. The results confirm and extend previous findings showing that intense sweeteners do not possess the same satiating capacity as glucose and sucrose. The stimulation of appetite by saccharin may be due to its sweet taste and also to effects on postingestive mechanisms.
对食用甜度和能量含量不同的预负荷食物对饥饿感和食物摄入量的影响进行了比较。预负荷食物包括原味（未加糖）酸奶，以及用糖精或葡萄糖调至同等甜度的同一种酸奶，或添加了淀粉的酸奶。这种平衡设计使得评估在食物中添加甜味的后果以及用非营养性甜味剂替代热量甜味剂的后果成为可能。受试者（N = 24，重复测量设计）在中午食用预负荷食物，一小时后回来吃三明治午餐。直接测量这一餐的食物摄入量，并使用日记中的家庭记录监测当天剩余时间的摄入量。通过对进食动机的主观评分来评估饥饿感。与原味预负荷食物相比，食用糖精后午餐时的食物摄入量显著更高，动机评分也显示出类似的效果。糖精还刺激午餐后摄入量进一步增加。高能量预负荷食物后的食物摄入量最低，添加淀粉的酸奶对摄入量的抑制作用最大。这些结果证实并扩展了先前的研究发现，即高强度甜味剂与葡萄糖和蔗糖的饱腹感能力不同。糖精对食欲的刺激可能归因于其甜味以及对消化后机制的影响。
