Hartmann E
Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1989 Nov;14(4):557-60.
Previous work by the author and his collaborators on frequent nightmare sufferers demonstrated that these people had striking personality characteristics which could be called "thin boundaries" in a number of different senses. In order to measure thin and thick boundaries, a 145-item questionnaire, the Boundary Questionnaire, has been developed which has now been taken by over 1,000 persons. Preliminary results are presented indicating that, as predicted a priori, several new groups of nightmare sufferers and groups of art students scored usually "thin," whereas a group of naval officers had usually "thick" boundaries. Overall, thinness on the Boundary Questionnaire correlated highly positively (r = .40) with frequency of dream recall and also significantly (r = .16) with length of sleep.
作者及其合作者之前针对频繁遭受噩梦困扰者开展的研究表明，这些人具有显著的人格特征，从多种不同意义上来说，这些特征可被称作“边界薄弱”。为了衡量边界的薄弱程度和稳固程度，现已编制了一份包含145个条目的问卷——《边界问卷》，目前已有1000多人填写了该问卷。初步结果显示，正如先前所预测的那样，几组新的噩梦患者群体以及艺术专业学生群体的得分通常为“薄弱”，而一组海军军官的边界通常“稳固”。总体而言，《边界问卷》中的薄弱程度得分与梦境回忆频率呈高度正相关（r = 0.40），与睡眠时间也显著相关（r = 0.16）。
