Vega S L, Kwon M Y, Burdick J A
Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104,
Eur Cell Mater. 2017 Jan 30;33:59-75. doi: 10.22203/eCM.v033a05.
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing tissue that lines the surface of bones in diarthrodial joints. Unfortunately, this avascular tissue has a limited capacity for intrinsic repair. Treatment options for articular cartilage defects include microfracture and arthroplasty; however, these strategies fail to generate tissue that adequately restores damaged cartilage. Limitations of current treatments for cartilage defects have prompted the field of cartilage tissue engineering, which seeks to integrate engineering and biological principles to promote the growth of new cartilage to replace damaged tissue. To date, a wide range of scaffolds and cell sources have emerged with a focus on recapitulating the microenvironments present during development or in adult tissue, in order to induce the formation of cartilaginous constructs with biochemical and mechanical properties of native tissue. Hydrogels have emerged as a promising scaffold due to the wide range of possible properties and the ability to entrap cells within the material. Towards improving cartilage repair, hydrogel design has advanced in recent years to improve their utility. Some of these advances include the development of improved network crosslinking (e.g. double-networks), new techniques to process hydrogels (e.g. 3D printing) and better incorporation of biological signals (e.g. controlled release). This review summarises these innovative approaches to engineer hydrogels towards cartilage repair, with an eye towards eventual clinical translation.
关节软骨是一种承重组织，衬于滑膜关节的骨表面。不幸的是，这种无血管组织的内在修复能力有限。关节软骨缺损的治疗选择包括微骨折和关节成形术；然而，这些策略无法生成能充分修复受损软骨的组织。当前软骨缺损治疗方法的局限性推动了软骨组织工程领域的发展，该领域旨在整合工程学和生物学原理，以促进新软骨生长来替代受损组织。迄今为止，已经出现了各种各样的支架和细胞来源，重点是重现发育过程中或成年组织中存在的微环境，以诱导形成具有天然组织生化和力学特性的软骨构建体。水凝胶因其具有广泛的可能特性以及能够将细胞包裹在材料内而成为一种有前景的支架。为了改善软骨修复，近年来水凝胶设计不断进步以提高其效用。其中一些进展包括改进的网络交联（如双网络）的开发、处理水凝胶的新技术（如3D打印）以及更好地整合生物信号（如控释）。本综述总结了这些用于软骨修复的工程化水凝胶的创新方法，着眼于最终的临床转化。
