Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Recovery Center, Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W. 10th St., Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 W. 10th St., Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2017 Mar;249:293-303. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.033. Epub 2016 Dec 27.
Empathy is a complex construct, thought to contain multiple components. One popular measurement paradigm, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), has been used extensively to measure empathic tendencies in schizophrenia research across four domains: empathic concern, perspective-taking, personal distress, and fantasy. However, no recent meta-analysis has been conducted for all four factors of this scale. The goal of this meta-analysis was to examine self-reported empathic tendencies for each factor of the IRI in people with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls. A literature search revealed 32 eligible schizophrenia studies. The Hedges' g standardized difference effect size was calculated for each component using a random effects meta-analytic model. Compared to healthy controls, schizophrenia samples reported significantly reduced tendencies for empathic concern, perspective-taking, and fantasy, but significantly greater tendencies for personal distress. Duration of illness significantly moderated the results for perspective-taking such that those with a longer duration exhibited greater deficits; percent female significantly moderated the results for personal distress such that samples with more females exhibited reduced effect sizes. Future work is needed to examine the impact of heightened personal distress on the empathic tendencies and abilities of those with schizophrenia, including the possible role of emotion regulation.
同理心是一个复杂的结构，被认为包含多个组成部分。一种流行的测量范式，人际反应指数（IRI），已被广泛用于精神分裂症研究中的四个领域来测量同理心倾向：同理心关注、换位思考、个人痛苦和幻想。然而，最近没有针对该量表的所有四个因素进行元分析。本元分析的目的是检查精神分裂症患者与健康对照组相比，在 IRI 的每个因素上自我报告的同理心倾向。文献检索显示，有 32 项符合条件的精神分裂症研究。使用随机效应元分析模型，为每个组成部分计算 Hedges'g 标准化差异效应量。与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症样本报告的同理心关注、换位思考和幻想倾向明显降低，但个人痛苦倾向明显增加。疾病持续时间显著调节了换位思考的结果，即持续时间较长的患者表现出更大的缺陷；女性比例显著调节了个人痛苦的结果，即女性比例较高的样本表现出较小的效应量。需要进一步研究来检查个人痛苦加剧对精神分裂症患者同理心倾向和能力的影响，包括情绪调节的可能作用。
