Barimani Mia, Vikström Anna, Rosander Michael, Forslund Frykedal Karin, Berlin Anita
Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Reproductive Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2017 Sep;31(3):537-546. doi: 10.1111/scs.12367. Epub 2017 Jan 31.
The transition to parenthood is an overwhelming life event. From a theoretical perspective, transition to parenthood is a developmental transition that contains certain phases and patterns.
This study aim was twofold (i) discover, describe and comprehend transitional conditions that parents perceive as facilitating and inhibiting during transition to parenthood and to (ii) use that knowledge to develop recommendations for professional interventions that support and facilitate transition to parenthood.
Meleis transition theory framed the study's deductive qualitative approach - from planning to analysis.
In a secondary analysis, data were analysed (as per Meleis transition theory) from two studies that implemented interviews with 60 parents in Sweden between 2013 and 2014. Interview questions dealt with parents' experiences of the transition to parenthood - in relation to experiences with parent-education groups, professional support and continuity after childbirth.
A university research ethics board has approved the research.
These factors facilitated transition to parenthood: perceiving parenthood as a normal part of life; enjoying the child's growth; being prepared and having knowledge; experiencing social support; receiving professional support, receiving information about resources within the health care; participating in well-functioning parent-education groups; and hearing professionals comment on gender differences as being complementary. These factors inhibited transition to parenthood: having unrealistic expectations; feeling stress and loss of control; experiencing breastfeeding demands and lack of sleep; facing a judgmental attitude about breastfeeding; being unprepared for reality; lacking information about reality; lacking professional support and information; lacking healthcare resources; participating in parent-education groups that did not function optimally; and hearing professionals accentuate gender differences in a problematic way.
Transition theory is appropriate for helping professionals understand and identify practices that might support parents during transition to parenthood. The study led to certain recommendations that are important for professionals to consider.
为人父母的角色转变是一件影响重大的人生大事。从理论角度来看，为人父母的角色转变是一个包含特定阶段和模式的发展性转变。
本研究有两个目标：（i）发现、描述并理解父母在为人父母角色转变过程中所认为的促进和阻碍因素；（ii）利用这些知识为支持和促进为人父母角色转变的专业干预措施提出建议。
梅莱伊斯转变理论构成了本研究从规划到分析的演绎性定性研究方法的框架。
在二次分析中，（根据梅莱伊斯转变理论）对2013年至2014年间在瑞典对60位父母进行访谈的两项研究的数据进行了分析。访谈问题涉及父母在为人父母角色转变方面的经历——与参加家长教育小组的经历、专业支持以及产后连续性相关。
该研究已获大学研究伦理委员会批准。
这些因素促进了为人父母的角色转变：将为人父母视为生活的正常组成部分；享受孩子的成长；有准备且有知识；获得社会支持；得到专业支持；获取医疗保健方面的资源信息；参加运作良好的家长教育小组；听到专业人士将性别差异视为互补。这些因素阻碍了为人父母的角色转变：有不切实际的期望；感到压力和失去控制感；经历母乳喂养需求和睡眠不足；面临对母乳喂养的评判态度；对现实毫无准备；缺乏关于现实的信息；缺乏专业支持和信息；缺乏医疗保健资源；参加运作不佳的家长教育小组；听到专业人士以有问题的方式强调性别差异。
转变理论有助于专业人士理解和识别在为人父母角色转变过程中可能支持父母的做法。该研究得出了一些对专业人士来说很重要的建议以供考虑。
