Vaverka Frantisek, Jandačka Daniel, Zahradník David, Uchytil Jaroslav, Farana Roman, Supej Matej, Vodičar Janez
Human Motion Diagnostic Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Hum Kinet. 2016 Oct 14;53:41-50. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2016-0009. eCollection 2016 Dec 1.
The aim of this study was to determine how elite volleyball players employed the arm swing (AS) to enhance their jump performance. The study assessed how the AS influenced the duration and magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the main phases (preparatory, braking and accelerating) of the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), the starting position of the body at the beginning of the accelerating phase and the moment when the AS began contributing to increasing the jump height. Eighteen elite volleyball players performed three CMVJs with and without an AS. Kinetics and kinematics data were collected using two Kistler force plates and the C-motion system. The time and force variables were evaluated based on the VGRF, and the position of the body and the trajectory of the arm movement were determined using kinematic analysis. The AS improved the CMVJ by increasing the jump height by 38% relative to jumping without an AS. The AS significantly shortened the braking phase and prolonged the accelerating phase, however, it did not influence the preparatory phase or the overall jump duration. The AS also significantly increased the average force during the accelerating phase as well as the accelerating impulse. The AS upward began at 76% into the overall jump duration. The AS did not influence the body position at the beginning of the accelerating phase. These findings can be used to improve performance of the CMVJ with the AS and in teaching beginning volleyball players proper jumping technique.
本研究的目的是确定精英排球运动员如何运用手臂摆动（AS）来提高他们的跳跃成绩。该研究评估了AS在反向垂直跳跃（CMVJ）的主要阶段（准备阶段、制动阶段和加速阶段）对垂直地面反作用力（VGRF）的持续时间和大小的影响，加速阶段开始时身体的起始位置以及AS开始有助于增加跳跃高度的时刻。18名精英排球运动员进行了三次有AS和无AS的CMVJ。使用两个奇石乐测力台和C-motion系统收集动力学和运动学数据。基于VGRF评估时间和力变量，并使用运动学分析确定身体位置和手臂运动轨迹。与无AS跳跃相比，AS使CMVJ的跳跃高度提高了38%，从而改善了CMVJ。AS显著缩短了制动阶段并延长了加速阶段，然而，它并未影响准备阶段或整个跳跃持续时间。AS还显著增加了加速阶段的平均力以及加速冲量。AS向上摆动始于整个跳跃持续时间的76%处。AS在加速阶段开始时不影响身体位置。这些发现可用于通过AS提高CMVJ的成绩，并用于教授初学时的排球运动员正确的跳跃技术。
