Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;174(20):3561-3572. doi: 10.1111/bph.13734. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases numerous factors and adipokines with paracrine effects on both vascular structure and function. These effects are variable as they depend on regional differences in PVAT among blood vessels and vary with changes in adiposity. There is considerable evidence demonstrating an association between coronary PVAT and the development and progression of coronary artery disease, which is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and blood clotting. However, PVAT also has a protective role in vascular grafts, especially the no-touch saphenous vein, in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. This beneficial influence of PVAT involves factors such as adipocyte-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide (NO), leptin, adiponectin, prostanoids, hydrogen sulphide and neurotransmitters, as well as mechanical protection. This article aims to highlight and compare the dual role of PVAT in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis, as well as in increased graft patency. Different deleterious and protective mechanisms of PVAT are also discussed and the inside-outside signalling paradigm of atherosclerosis development re-evaluated. The bidirectional communication between the arterial and venous wall and their surrounding PVAT, where signals originating from the vascular wall or lumen can affect PVAT phenotype, has been shown to be very complex. Moreover, signals from PVAT also influence the structure and function of the vascular wall in a paracrine manner.
This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
血管周脂肪组织 (PVAT) 释放多种因子和脂肪因子，对血管结构和功能具有旁分泌作用。这些作用是可变的，因为它们取决于血管之间 PVAT 的区域差异，并随肥胖的变化而变化。有大量证据表明，冠状动脉 PVAT 与冠状动脉疾病的发展和进展之间存在关联，而冠状动脉疾病与炎症、氧化应激、血管生成、血管重塑和凝血有关。然而，PVAT 在血管移植物中也具有保护作用，特别是在接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者中，无接触的隐静脉。PVAT 的这种有益影响涉及脂肪细胞衍生的舒张因子、一氧化氮 (NO)、瘦素、脂联素、前列腺素、硫化氢和神经递质等因素，以及机械保护。本文旨在强调和比较 PVAT 在冠状动脉粥样硬化的发展和进展以及增加移植物通畅率中的双重作用。还讨论了不同的有害和保护机制的 PVAT 和再评估动脉粥样硬化发展的内外信号范例。动脉和静脉壁及其周围的 PVAT 之间的双向通信，其中源自血管壁或管腔的信号可以影响 PVAT 表型，已经被证明是非常复杂的。此外，PVAT 的信号也以旁分泌的方式影响血管壁的结构和功能。
本文是关于调节血管周脂肪组织的分子机制 - 潜在的药理学靶点的专题部分的一部分？要查看该部分中的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc。
