Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2017 Oct;174(20):3454-3465. doi: 10.1111/bph.13663. Epub 2016 Dec 4.
The revolutionary discovery in 1991 by Soltis and Cassis that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has an anti-contractile effect changed how we think about the vasculature. Most experiments on vascular pharmacology begin by removing the fat surrounding vessels. Thus, PVAT was thought to have a minor role in vascular function and its presence was just for structural support. The need to rethink PVAT's role was precipitated by observations that obesity carries a high cardiovascular risk and PVAT dysfunction is associated with obesity. PVAT is a vascular-adipose organ that has intimate connections with the nervous and immune system. A complex world of physiology resides in PVAT, including the presence of an 'adrenergic system' that is able to release, take up and metabolize noradrenaline. Adipocytes, stromal vascular cells and nerves within PVAT contain components that make up this adrenergic system. Some of the great strides in PVAT research came from studying adipose tissue as a whole. Adipose tissue has many roles and participates in regulating energy balance, energy stores, inflammation and thermoregulation. However, PVAT is dissimilar from non-PVAT adipose tissues. PVAT is intimately connected with the vasculature, which is what makes its role in body homeostasis unique. The adrenergic system within PVAT may be an integral link connecting the effects of obesity with the vascular dysfunction observed in obesity-associated hypertension, a condition in which the sympathetic nervous system has a significant role. This review will explore what is known about the adrenergic system in adipose tissue and PVAT, plus the translational importance of these findings.
This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
1991 年，Soltis 和 Cassis 的革命性发现，即血管周脂肪组织（PVAT）具有抗收缩作用，这改变了我们对血管的看法。大多数血管药理学实验都是从去除血管周围的脂肪开始的。因此，PVAT 被认为在血管功能中作用较小，其存在只是为了提供结构支持。肥胖与心血管风险高度相关，PVAT 功能障碍与肥胖有关，这一观察结果促使人们重新思考 PVAT 的作用。PVAT 是一种血管脂肪组织，与神经系统和免疫系统有着密切的联系。PVAT 中存在一个“肾上腺素能系统”，能够释放、摄取和代谢去甲肾上腺素，这是一个充满生理复杂性的世界。脂肪细胞、基质血管细胞和 PVAT 中的神经含有构成该肾上腺素能系统的成分。PVAT 研究的一些重大进展来自于将脂肪组织作为一个整体进行研究。脂肪组织具有许多功能，参与调节能量平衡、能量储存、炎症和体温调节。然而，PVAT 与非 PVAT 脂肪组织不同。PVAT 与血管密切相关，这使其在体内平衡中的作用具有独特性。PVAT 中的肾上腺素能系统可能是连接肥胖效应与肥胖相关高血压中观察到的血管功能障碍的一个重要环节，在这种情况下，交感神经系统起着重要作用。这篇综述将探讨已知的脂肪组织和 PVAT 中的肾上腺素能系统，以及这些发现的转化意义。
本文是关于调节血管周脂肪组织的分子机制 - 潜在的药理靶点的专题的一部分？要查看该部分中的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc。
