Management Department, School of Business, University of Connecticut.
Michigan State University.
J Appl Psychol. 2017 Mar;102(3):452-467. doi: 10.1037/apl0000128. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Work groups are a vital link between individuals and organizations. Systematic psychological research on the nature and effects of work groups dates back at least to the Hawthorne studies of the 1920s and 1930s. Yet little to none of this work appeared in the Journal of Applied Psychology until the 1950s when groups were treated primarily as foils against which to compare the performance of individuals. From the 1990s to the present, the volume of research and the nature of topics addressing work group/teams expanded significantly. The authors review the evolution of team research over the past century with a particular focus on that which has appeared in this journal. They chronicle the shift from a focus on individuals within teams, or on individual versus team comparisons, to a focus on the team itself and larger systems of teams. They describe the major outcomes studied within this literature, and how they relate to the nature of team tasks and structures. Further, the authors consider the roles of team members' characteristics and composition, and team dynamics in terms of processes and emergent states. They close with a call for future research that models dynamic team relationships in context and as they operate in complex systems. (PsycINFO Database Record
工作群体是个体与组织之间的重要纽带。对工作群体的本质和影响进行系统的心理学研究至少可以追溯到 20 世纪 20 年代和 30 年代的霍桑研究。然而，直到 20 世纪 50 年代，当群体主要被视为与个体表现进行比较的对照时，该领域的研究才开始出现在《应用心理学杂志》上。从 20 世纪 90 年代至今，研究的数量和涉及工作群体/团队的主题性质都有了显著的扩展。作者回顾了过去一个世纪团队研究的演变，特别关注该领域在本刊上的发展。他们记录了从关注团队中的个体或个体与团队的比较，到关注团队本身和更大的团队系统的转变。他们描述了在该文献中研究的主要结果，以及它们与团队任务和结构的性质之间的关系。此外，作者还考虑了团队成员特征和构成的作用，以及团队动态的过程和涌现状态。最后，作者呼吁未来的研究要在复杂系统中对动态团队关系进行建模，并考虑其在复杂系统中的运作。
