Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2017 Nov;27(6):523-531. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12291. Epub 2017 Feb 3.
The prevalence of both bruxism and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) has increased in recent years.
This study evaluated the direct and indirect effects of signs of ADHD, reported by parents/caregivers and teachers, with sleep bruxism. In addition, this study explores the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on sleep bruxism.
This cross-sectional study was performed in Diamantina, Brazil, with 851 randomly selected schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. The schoolchildren were underwent an oral examination for the evaluation of bruxism. Moreover, parents/caregivers fill out a form for the assessment of sleep bruxism and sociodemographic factors. Parents/caregivers and teachers responded to the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham scale - version IV (SNAP-IV) for the assessment of ADHD signs. The structural equation modelling approach was used, and standardized coefficients to direct, indirect and total effects were calculated.
ADHD signs had a significant moderate (SC = -0.19, P < 0.01) effect on sleep bruxism. SES had a significant indirect effect on bruxism via sucking habits. Moreover, SES had a significant direct (SC = -0.16, P = 0.01) and total effect on tooth wear (SC = -0.17, P < 0.01).
This study concluded that signs of ADHD and SES have a complex direct and indirect effects on sleep bruxism among schoolchildren.
近年来，磨牙症和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的患病率都有所上升。
本研究评估了父母/照顾者和教师报告的 ADHD 症状对磨牙症的直接和间接影响。此外，本研究还探讨了社会经济地位（SES）对磨牙症的影响。
本横断面研究在巴西 Diamantina 进行，共纳入 851 名 6-12 岁随机选择的学龄儿童。对这些儿童进行口腔检查以评估磨牙症。此外，父母/照顾者填写一份评估睡眠磨牙症和社会人口因素的表格。父母/照顾者和教师使用 Swanson、Nolan 和 Pelham 量表第四版（SNAP-IV）评估 ADHD 症状。采用结构方程模型方法计算直接、间接和总效应的标准化系数。
ADHD 症状对睡眠磨牙症有显著中度影响（SC = -0.19，P < 0.01）。SES 通过吸吮习惯对磨牙症有显著间接影响。此外，SES 对牙磨损有显著直接（SC = -0.16，P = 0.01）和总效应（SC = -0.17，P < 0.01）。
本研究表明，ADHD 症状和 SES 对学龄儿童的睡眠磨牙症有复杂的直接和间接影响。
