Mohanta Tapan Kumar, Kumar Pradeep, Bae Hanhong
Free Major of Natural Science, College of Basic Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, Republic of Korea.
BMC Plant Biol. 2017 Feb 3;17(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-0989-3.
Ca ion is a versatile second messenger that operate in a wide ranges of cellular processes that impact nearly every aspect of life. Ca regulates gene expression and biotic and abiotic stress responses in organisms ranging from unicellular algae to multi-cellular higher plants through the cascades of calcium signaling processes.
In this study, we deciphered the genomics and evolutionary aspects of calcium signaling event of calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin like- (CML) proteins. We studied the CaM and CML gene family of 41 different species across the plant lineages. Genomic analysis showed that plant encodes more calmodulin like-protein than calmodulins. Further analyses showed, the majority of CMLs were intronless, while CaMs were intron rich. Multiple sequence alignment showed, the EF-hand domain of CaM contains four conserved D-x-D motifs, one in each EF-hand while CMLs contain only one D-x-D-x-D motif in the fourth EF-hand. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, the CMLs were evolved earlier than CaM and later diversified. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that different CaM and CMLs genes were express differentially in different tissues in a spatio-temporal manner.
In this study we provided in detailed genome-wide identifications and characterization of CaM and CML protein family, phylogenetic relationships, and domain structure. Expression study of CaM and CML genes were conducted in Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. Our study provides a strong foundation for future functional research in CaM and CML gene family in plant kingdom.
钙离子是一种多功能的第二信使，参与广泛的细胞过程，几乎影响生命的方方面面。钙通过钙信号传导过程的级联反应，调节从单细胞藻类到多细胞高等植物等生物体中的基因表达以及生物和非生物胁迫反应。
在本研究中，我们解析了钙调蛋白（CaM）和类钙调蛋白（CML）蛋白钙信号事件的基因组学和进化方面。我们研究了植物谱系中41个不同物种的CaM和CML基因家族。基因组分析表明，植物编码的类钙调蛋白比钙调蛋白更多。进一步分析表明，大多数CML没有内含子，而CaM富含内含子。多序列比对显示，CaM的EF手结构域包含四个保守的D-x-D基序，每个EF手中有一个，而CML在第四个EF手中仅包含一个D-x-D-x-D基序。系统发育分析表明，CML比CaM进化得更早，随后发生了多样化。基因表达分析表明，不同的CaM和CML基因在不同组织中以时空方式差异表达。
在本研究中，我们详细提供了CaM和CML蛋白家族的全基因组鉴定和特征、系统发育关系以及结构域结构。对CaM和CML基因在大豆和菜豆中进行了表达研究。我们的研究为植物界CaM和CML基因家族未来的功能研究提供了坚实的基础。
