Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823.
Poult Sci. 2017 Jul 1;96(7):2074-2082. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew494.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo administration of FloraMax®-B11 (FM) on Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) vaccine protective efficacy, hatchability, microbiota composition, morphometric analysis, and Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection in chickens. Experiment 1 consisted of 3 trials. In trials 1 and 2, d 18 White Leghorn 15I5x71 embryos were randomly distributed in 4 groups: 1) HVT vaccinated in ovo and no Marek's disease virus (MDV) challenge; 2), HVT + FM vaccinated in ovo and no MDV challenge; 3) HVT vaccinated in ovo and challenge with virulent MDV (vMDV; strain 583A); and 4), HVT + FM vaccinated in ovo and challenge with vMDV. Trial 3 was designed exactly the same as Experiment 1 but chicks were challenged with very virulent MDV (vvMDV; strains Md5 and 612). Birds were monitored until 8 wk of age, and tested for MD incidence. Experiment 2 consisted of 3 trials. In each trial, d 18 broiler embryos were injected in ovo with either saline or FM to measure hatchability and gastrointestinal bacterial composition. In Experiment 3, d 18 broiler embryos were injected in ovo with either saline or FM. All chickens that hatched were orally gavaged with SE at hatch and kept for 7 d to monitor post-hatch BW. No significant difference (P > 0.05) between MD percentage in birds vaccinated with HVT alone or HVT + FM were observed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, probiotic did not negatively affect hatchability, but did reduce lactose positive Gram-negative bacteria. Further, increase in BW was associated with higher villi surface area in the ileum in chickens that received the probiotic as well as a significant reduction in the SE incidence in Experiment 3. These results suggest that in ovo administration of FM does not negatively impact the ability of HVT to protect against MD or hatchability of chickens, but improves BW during the first 7 d of life and decreases SE recovery in chickens.
进行了三项实验来评估在鸡胚中注射 FloraMax®-B11（FM）对马立克氏病（MD）疱疹病毒的火鸡（HVT）疫苗保护效力、孵化率、微生物群落组成、形态计量分析和肠炎沙门氏菌（SE）感染的影响。实验 1 包括 3 个试验。在试验 1 和 2 中，第 18 天的白来航 15I5x71 胚胎随机分为 4 组：1）鸡胚中接种 HVT 且不进行 MDV 攻毒；2）鸡胚中接种 HVT+FM 且不进行 MDV 攻毒；3）鸡胚中接种 HVT 且用强毒 MDV（vMDV；菌株 583A）攻毒；4）鸡胚中接种 HVT+FM 且用强毒 MDV（vMDV；菌株 583A）攻毒。试验 3 的设计与实验 1 完全相同，但小鸡用非常强毒 MDV（vvMDV；菌株 Md5 和 612）攻毒。监测鸡群直至 8 周龄，并进行 MD 发病率检测。实验 2 包括 3 个试验。每个试验中，第 18 天的肉鸡胚胎通过鸡胚注射生理盐水或 FM，以测量孵化率和胃肠道细菌组成。在实验 3 中，第 18 天的肉鸡胚胎通过鸡胚注射生理盐水或 FM。所有孵化出的小鸡在孵化时口服给予 SE，并饲养 7 天以监测孵化后 BW。在实验 1 中，单独接种 HVT 或 HVT+FM 的鸡群 MD 百分比没有显著差异（P>0.05）。在实验 2 中，益生菌并未对孵化率产生负面影响，但减少了乳糖阳性革兰氏阴性菌。此外，在实验 3 中，接受益生菌的鸡的 BW 增加与回肠绒毛表面积增加有关，同时 SE 发病率显著降低。这些结果表明，在鸡胚中注射 FM 不会对 HVT 预防 MD 或鸡的孵化率产生负面影响，但可以提高鸡的第 1 至 7 天的 BW，并降低鸡的 SE 回收。
