Bennett Brooke L, Deiner Melodi, Pokhrel Pallav
Cancer Prevention & Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI96822 USA.
Tob Induc Dis. 2017 Feb 1;15:11. doi: 10.1186/s12971-017-0117-z. eCollection 2017.
Currently, most college campuses across the U.S. in some way address on-campus cigarette smoking, mainly through policies that restrict smoking on campus premises. However, it is not well understood whether college-level anti-smoking policies help reduce cigarette smoking among students. In addition, little is known about policies that may have an impact on student smoking behavior. This study attempted to address these issues through a literature review.
A systematic literature review was performed. To identify relevant studies, the following online databases were searched using specific keywords: Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies that met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were selected for review. Studies were not excluded based on the type of anti-smoking policy studied.
Total 11 studies were included in the review. The majority of the studies (54.5%) were cross-sectional in design, 18% were longitudinal, and the rest involved counting cigarette butts or smokers. Most studies represented more women than men and more Whites than individuals of other ethnic/racial groups. The majority (54.5%) of the studies evaluated 100% smoke-free or tobacco-free campus policies. Other types of policies studied included the use of partial smoking restriction and integration of preventive education and/or smoking cessation programs into college-level policies. As far as the role of campus smoking policies on reducing student smoking behavior is concerned, the results of the cross-sectional studies were mixed. However, the results of the two longitudinal studies reviewed were promising in that policies were found to significantly reduce smoking behavior and pro-smoking attitudes over time.
More longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the role of college anti-smoking policies on student smoking behavior. Current data indicate that stricter, more comprehensive policies, and policies that incorporate prevention and cessation programming, produce better results in terms of reducing smoking behavior.
目前，美国大多数大学校园都以某种方式处理校园内吸烟问题，主要是通过限制在校园内吸烟的政策。然而，大学层面的反吸烟政策是否有助于减少学生吸烟并不十分清楚。此外，对于可能影响学生吸烟行为的政策知之甚少。本研究试图通过文献综述来解决这些问题。
进行了系统的文献综述。为了识别相关研究，使用特定关键词搜索了以下在线数据库：Ovid MEDLINE、PsycINFO、PubMed和谷歌学术。选择符合排除和纳入标准的研究进行综述。研究不基于所研究的反吸烟政策类型而被排除。
综述共纳入11项研究。大多数研究（54.5%）为横断面设计，18%为纵向研究，其余涉及统计烟头或吸烟者数量。大多数研究中女性多于男性，白人多于其他种族/族裔群体。大多数（54.5%）研究评估了100%无烟或无烟草校园政策。研究的其他政策类型包括部分吸烟限制以及将预防教育和/或戒烟计划纳入大学层面的政策。就校园吸烟政策在减少学生吸烟行为方面的作用而言，横断面研究的结果不一。然而，所综述的两项纵向研究结果很有前景，因为发现随着时间推移，政策能显著减少吸烟行为和支持吸烟的态度。
需要更多纵向研究来更好地理解大学反吸烟政策对学生吸烟行为的作用。目前的数据表明，更严格、更全面的政策以及纳入预防和戒烟计划的政策在减少吸烟行为方面能产生更好的效果。
