Leszek Jerzy, Md Ashraf Ghulam, Tse Wai Hei, Zhang Jin, Gasiorowski Kazimierz, Avila-Rodriguez Marco Fidel, Tarasov Vadim V, Barreto George E, Klochkov Sergey G, Bachurin Sergey O, Aliev Gjumrakch
Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw. Poland.
King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Saudi Arabia.
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2017;14(11):1182-1189. doi: 10.2174/1567205014666170203125008.
Alzheimer disease (AD) typically affects behavior, memory and thinking. The change in brain have been reported to begin approx. 10-20 years before the appearance of actual symptoms and diagnosis of AD. An early stage diagnosis and treatment of this lethal disease is the prime challenge, which is mainly halted by the lack of validated biomarkers.
Recent nanotechnological advancements have the potential to offer large scale effective diagnostic and therapeutic options. Targeted drug (e.g. Rivastigmine) delivery with the help of nanoparticles (NPs) in the range of 1-100 nm diameters can effectively cross the blood brain barrier with minimized side effects. Moreover, biocompatible nanomaterials with increased magnetic and optical properties can act as excellent alternative agents for an early diagnosis. With the high volume of research coming in support of the effective usage of NP based drug delivery in critical environment of CNS, it is quite likely that this approach can end up providing remarkable breakthroughs in early stage diagnosis and therapy of AD.
In the current review, we have presented a comprehensive outlook on the current challenges in diagnosis and therapy of AD, with an emphasis on the effective options provided by biocompatible NPs as imaging contrast agents and drug carriers.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）通常会影响行为、记忆和思维。据报道，大脑的变化在AD实际症状出现和诊断前约10 - 20年就已开始。对这种致命疾病进行早期诊断和治疗是首要挑战，而这主要因缺乏经过验证的生物标志物而受阻。
近期纳米技术的进步有可能提供大规模有效的诊断和治疗选择。借助直径在1 - 100纳米范围内的纳米颗粒（NPs）进行靶向药物（如卡巴拉汀）递送，能够有效穿过血脑屏障，且副作用最小。此外，具有增强磁性和光学特性的生物相容性纳米材料可作为早期诊断的优良替代剂。随着大量研究支持在中枢神经系统关键环境中有效使用基于NP的药物递送，这种方法很可能最终在AD的早期诊断和治疗方面带来显著突破。
在当前综述中，我们全面阐述了AD诊断和治疗方面的当前挑战，重点介绍了生物相容性NPs作为成像造影剂和药物载体所提供的有效选择。
