Kim Han-Kyul, Hwang Chueh-Lung, Yoo Jeung-Ki, Hwang Moon-Hyon, Handberg Eileen M, Petersen John W, Nichols Wilmer W, Sofianos Sofia, Christou Demetra D
1Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; 2Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, KOREA; and 3Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jul;49(7):1404-1411. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001229.
Large elastic arteries stiffen with age, which predisposes older adults to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise training is known to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease, but the optimal exercise prescription for attenuating large elastic arterial stiffening in older adults is not known.
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid artery compliance in older adults.
Forty-nine sedentary older adults (age = 64 ± 1 yr), free of overt major clinical disease, were randomized to HIIT (n = 17), MICT (n = 18), or nonexercise controls (CONT; n = 14). HIIT (4 × 4 min at 90% HRpeak interspersed with 3 × 3 min active recovery at 70% HRpeak) and isocaloric MICT (70% HRpeak) were performed on an all-extremity non-weight-bearing ergometer, 4 d·wk for 8 wk under supervision. Aortic (carotid to femoral PWV [cfPWV]) and common carotid artery compliance were assessed at pre- and postintervention.
cfPWV improved by 0.5 m·s in MICT (P = 0.04) but did not significantly change in HIIT and CONT (P > 0.05). Carotid artery compliance improved by 0.03 mm·mm Hg in MICT (P = 0.001), but it remained unchanged in HIIT and CONT (P > 0.05). Improvements in arterial stiffness in response to MICT were not confounded by changes in aortic or brachial blood pressure, HR, body weight, total and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, or aerobic fitness.
All-extremity MICT, but not HIIT, improved central arterial stiffness in previously sedentary older adults free of major clinical disease. Our findings have important implications for aerobic exercise prescription in older adults.
大弹性动脉会随着年龄增长而变硬，这使老年人患心血管疾病的风险增加。有氧运动训练已知可降低心血管疾病风险，但尚不清楚减轻老年人大型弹性动脉僵硬的最佳运动处方。
本随机对照试验的目的是比较全身高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和中等强度持续训练（MICT）对老年人主动脉脉搏波速度（PWV）和颈动脉顺应性的影响。
49名久坐不动的老年人（年龄 = 64 ± 1岁），无明显重大临床疾病，被随机分为HIIT组（n = 17）、MICT组（n = 18）或非运动对照组（CONT组；n = 14）。HIIT（以90%心率峰值进行4×4分钟，中间穿插3×3分钟以70%心率峰值进行的主动恢复）和等热量MICT（70%心率峰值）在全身非负重测力计上进行，在监督下每周4天，共8周。在干预前后评估主动脉（颈动脉至股动脉PWV [cfPWV]）和颈总动脉顺应性。
MICT组的cfPWV改善了0.5 m·s（P = 0.04），但HIIT组和CONT组无显著变化（P > 0.05）。MICT组的颈动脉顺应性改善了0.03 mm·mm Hg（P = 0.001），但HIIT组和CONT组保持不变（P > 0.05）。MICT引起的动脉僵硬改善不受主动脉或肱动脉血压、心率、体重、总体脂和腹部脂肪、血脂或有氧适能变化的影响。
全身MICT而非HIIT改善了先前久坐不动、无重大临床疾病的老年人的中心动脉僵硬。我们的研究结果对老年人的有氧运动处方具有重要意义。
