高强度间歇训练对老年人身体形态、心肺功能及代谢指标的影响：一项系统评价与荟萃分析
Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical morphology, cardiopulmonary function, and metabolic indicators in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Men Jie, Zhao Chengrui, Xiang Chenmin, Zhu Guoyu, Yu Zhengyang, Wang Pengbo, Wu Simin, Zhang Yuxi, Li Yishan, Wang Liuliu, Gong Xueyan, Yang Xiang, Zou Shuangling, Ma Jia, Cui Chenglong, Li Hao, Ma Xuedi, Wu Wenjie, Wang Yaoming
机构信息
Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, China.
Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Department of Immunology & Rheumatology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
出版信息
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Mar 25;16:1526991. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1526991. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Despite the growing attention towards the efficacy of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on older adult health, a consensus regarding the pleiotropic effects of HIIT in this population is yet to be reached. Previous studies have predominantly focused on specific outcomes or particular groups, lacking comprehensive analysis.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to conduct a systematic evaluation of the impact of HIIT on body composition, cardiopulmonary function, and metabolic parameters in older adults.
METHODS
The databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, WanFang, and other relevant sources from the inception of the database until July 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of HIIT on body shape, cardiopulmonary function, and metabolic parameters in the older adult were searched.
RESULTS
A total of 87 RCTs meeting the criteria were included, involving 4,213 older adult people. Meta-analysis results showed that HIIT significantly improved body fat percentage (BF%) [MD: -1.63%, = 0.005], maximal oxygen uptake (VO) [MD: 2.46 mL min kg, < 0.00001], maximal heart rate (HR) [MD: 2.83 beats min, = 0.02], and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels [MD: 0.04 mmol L, = 0.002]. However, for systolic blood pressure (SBP) [MD: 0.49 mmHg, p = 0.60], resting heart rate (HR) [MD: -0.95 BPM , p = 0.24], triglycerides (TG) [tendency for MD: -0.02 mmol L, p = 0.61], low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [MD: -0.04 mmol L, p = 0.27] had no significant effect. Sensitivity analysis found that HIIT significantly improved waist circumference (WC) [MD: -1.89 cm, = 0.17], diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [MD: -0.63 mmHg, = 0.23], respiratory exchange rate (RER) [MD: 0.01, = 0.20], total cholesterol (TC) [MD: 0.10 mmol L, = 0.14], and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) [MD:-0.20 mmol L, = 0.08], but the results lacked robustness. There was no significant improvement in DBP [MD: -0.63 mmHg, = 0.23] and body mass index (BMI) [MD: -0.36 kg m, = 0.06].
CONCLUSIONS
HIIT has shown certain potential and advantages in improving the physical health of the older adult, especially in cardiopulmonary function. However, more high-quality studies are needed to confirm the effects of HIIT on the physical health of the older adult in the future. It also provides a reference for the clinical practice and family health management of HIIT in the older adult and the development of HIIT guidelines.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero, identifier CRD42023460252.
背景
尽管高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对老年人健康的功效日益受到关注，但关于HIIT在该人群中的多效性影响尚未达成共识。以往研究主要集中在特定结果或特定群体，缺乏全面分析。
目的
我们旨在系统评估HIIT对老年人身体成分、心肺功能和代谢参数的影响。
方法
检索的数据库包括PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、Scopus、万方以及其他相关来源，检索时间从数据库建立至2023年7月。检索关于HIIT对老年人身体形态、心肺功能和代谢参数影响的随机对照试验（RCT）。
结果
共纳入87项符合标准的RCT，涉及4213名老年人。荟萃分析结果显示，HIIT显著改善了体脂百分比（BF%）[平均差（MD）：-1.63%，P = 0.005]、最大摄氧量（VO）[MD：2.46 mL·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹，P < 0.00001]、最大心率（HR）[MD：2.83次·min⁻¹，P = 0.02]和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平[MD：0.04 mmol·L⁻¹，P = 0.002]。然而，对收缩压（SBP）[MD：0.49 mmHg，P = 0.60]、静息心率（HR）[MD：-0.95次·min⁻¹，P = 0.24]、甘油三酯（TG）[MD趋势：-0.02 mmol·L⁻¹，P = 0.61]、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）[MD：-0.04 mmol·L⁻¹，P = 0.27]无显著影响。敏感性分析发现，HIIT显著改善了腰围（WC）[MD：-1.89 cm，P = 0.17]、舒张压（DBP）[MD：-0.63 mmHg，P = 0.23]、呼吸交换率（RER）[MD：0.01，P = 0.20]、总胆固醇（TC）[MD：0.10 mmol·L⁻¹，P = 0.14]和空腹血糖（FPG）[MD：-0.20 mmol·L⁻¹，P = 0.08]，但结果缺乏稳健性。DBP[MD：-0.63 mmHg，P = 0.23]和体重指数（BMI）[MD：-0.36 kg·m⁻²，P = 0.06]无显著改善。
结论
HIIT在改善老年人身体健康方面显示出一定潜力和优势，尤其是在心肺功能方面。然而，未来需要更多高质量研究来证实HIIT对老年人身体健康的影响。这也为老年人HIIT的临床实践和家庭健康管理以及HIIT指南的制定提供了参考。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero，标识符CRD42023460252。
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