Khan Asis, Grigg Michael E
Molecular Parasitology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2017 Feb 6;44:20C.1.1-20C.1.17. doi: 10.1002/cpmc.26.
Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful apicomplexan protozoan capable of infecting any warm-blooded animal worldwide. In humans, Toxoplasma infections are life-long, with approximately one-third of the world's population chronically infected. Although normally controlled by the host immune system, T. gondii infection can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes in individuals with immature or suppressed immune systems. After penetrating the intestine, parasites rapidly disseminate throughout the body and stimulate production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, and interferon (IFN)-γ by immune cells. These cytokines play a key role in host resistance to T. gondii by promoting a strong Th1 response. Recent reports show that gut commensal bacteria can act as molecular adjuvants during T. gondii infection. Thus, T. gondii is an excellent model system to study host-pathogen interactions. This unit outlines the protocols for in vitro and in vivo maintenance and growth of T. gondii. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
刚地弓形虫是一种非常成功的顶复门原生动物，能够感染全球任何温血动物。在人类中，弓形虫感染是终身性的，全球约三分之一的人口受到慢性感染。虽然通常由宿主免疫系统控制，但弓形虫感染可在免疫系统未成熟或受抑制的个体中导致多种临床后果。寄生虫穿透肠道后，会迅速扩散至全身，并刺激免疫细胞产生细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-12、IL-18和干扰素（IFN）-γ。这些细胞因子通过促进强烈的Th1反应，在宿主抵抗弓形虫的过程中发挥关键作用。最近的报告表明，肠道共生细菌在弓形虫感染期间可作为分子佐剂。因此，弓形虫是研究宿主-病原体相互作用的优秀模型系统。本单元概述了体外和体内维持及培养弓形虫的方案。© 2017约翰威立国际出版公司
