Houtenbos M, de Winter J C F, Hale A R, Wieringa P A, Hagenzieker M P
SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, PO Box 93113, 2509 AC, The Hague, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Safety Science Group, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX, Delft, The Netherlands.
Delft University of Technology, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Apr;60:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.010. Epub 2016 Nov 4.
A large portion of road traffic crashes occur at intersections for the reason that drivers lack necessary visual information. This research examined the effects of an audio-visual display that provides real-time sonification and visualization of the speed and direction of another car approaching the crossroads on an intersecting road. The location of red blinking lights (left vs. right on the speedometer) and the lateral input direction of beeps (left vs. right ear in headphones) corresponded to the direction from where the other car approached, and the blink and beep rates were a function of the approaching car's speed. Two driving simulators were linked so that the participant and the experimenter drove in the same virtual world. Participants (N = 25) completed four sessions (two with the audio-visual display on, two with the audio-visual display off), each session consisting of 22 intersections at which the experimenter approached from the left or right and either maintained speed or slowed down. Compared to driving with the display off, the audio-visual display resulted in enhanced traffic efficiency (i.e., greater mean speed, less coasting) while not compromising safety (i.e., the time gap between the two vehicles was equivalent). A post-experiment questionnaire showed that the beeps were regarded as more useful than the lights. It is argued that the audio-visual display is a promising means of supporting drivers until fully automated driving is technically feasible.
很大一部分道路交通事故发生在十字路口，原因是驾驶员缺乏必要的视觉信息。本研究考察了一种视听显示的效果，该显示能实时将另一辆在交叉道路上接近十字路口的汽车的速度和方向进行声音化和可视化呈现。红色闪烁灯的位置（在速度计上的左或右）以及哔哔声的横向输入方向（耳机中的左耳或右耳）对应于另一辆车驶来的方向，闪烁和哔哔声的频率是驶来汽车速度的函数。两台驾驶模拟器相连，以便参与者和实验者在同一个虚拟世界中驾驶。参与者（N = 25）完成了四个阶段（两个阶段开启视听显示，两个阶段关闭视听显示），每个阶段包括22个十字路口，实验者从左或右接近，要么保持速度，要么减速。与关闭显示驾驶相比，视听显示提高了交通效率（即平均速度更高，滑行更少），同时不影响安全性（即两辆车之间的时间间隔相当）。实验后的问卷调查显示，哔哔声比灯光更有用。有人认为，在完全自动驾驶在技术上可行之前，视听显示是一种很有前景的辅助驾驶员的手段。
