Polasek Thalita Capalbo Milléo, Kozicki Luiz Ernandes, Pedrosa Victor Breno, Weiss Romildo Romualdo, Bertol Melina Andrea Formighieri, Camargo Carlos Eduardo, Talini Rafaela
Master of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Master of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2017 Mar 1;90:175-184. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.11.005. Epub 2016 Nov 12.
This study aimed to correlate the inflammatory reaction (IR) caused by a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (P4) with ovarian activity and pregnancy rate (PR) in embryo-recipient anestrus mares (to decrease the spring transitional period). 50 animals were assigned to three groups: GP4 (P4 group; n = 16), GP4OH (P4 + oxytetracycline hydrochloride and hydrocortisone sprayed onto the device; n = 14), and GNP4 (no intravaginal P4; n = 20). The administration protocol for GP4 was: Day 0, 750 mg P4 + ovarian examination by ultrasonography (US) + vaginal sample collection; Day 8, US; Day 11, P4 removal + 7.5 mg PGF2α + US + second vaginal sample collection; Days 13 to 16, US; Days 17 to 21, US + 750 IU hCG to mares with follicles 35 mm or more in diameter; Days 19 to 23 US (ovulation check); Days 24 to 28, embryo transfer + intravenous flunixin meglumine; and Days 30, US pregnancy diagnosis. The GP4OH and GNP4 mares received the same administration protocol as GP4, except that no P4 device was administered to the GNP4 group on Day 0. Although neutrophil-mediated IR occurred in the GP4 and GP4OH groups, the IR was significantly reduced in GP4OH as compared with that in GP4 (P < 0.0001). From Day 0 to Day 17, the GP4 and GP4OH mares developed a greater number of follicles per animal than did the GNP4 mares (P < 0.05), and the average diameter of the follicles was larger in the GP4 and GP4OH mares. The ovulation rates in GP4, GP4OH, and GNP4 mares were, respectively, 43.7%, 64.3%, and 30.0%, and ovulation occurred at 6.8, 6.5, and 23 days after P4 removal (P < 0.05). On Day 17, endometrial edema was verified in 50%, 64.2%, and 35.0% of the GP4, GP4OH, and GNP4 mares, and the PRs after embryo transfer were 80%, 100%, and 66.6%, respectively. Although intravaginal devices caused IR in both the device-recipient groups (P = 0.0001), IR and vaginitis had no negative impact on follicle diameter, ovulation rate, period to ovulation after the removal of P4, endometrial edema, or PR. In addition, P4 reactivated the ovarian function and the IR eliminated a large percentage of bacteria (Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Staphylococcus spp.), especially in GP4; the application of oxytetracycline hydrochloride and hydrocortisone on the devices reduced the severity of vaginitis.
本研究旨在探讨含孕酮阴道内装置（P4）引发的炎症反应（IR）与胚胎受体处于乏情期的母马的卵巢活动及妊娠率（PR）之间的关联（以缩短春季过渡期）。50只动物被分为三组：GP4组（P4组；n = 16）、GP4OH组（P4 + 盐酸土霉素和氢化可的松喷涂于装置上；n = 14）和GNP4组（无阴道内P4；n = 20）。GP4组的给药方案为：第0天，750 mg P4 + 通过超声检查（US）进行卵巢检查 + 采集阴道样本；第8天，超声检查；第11天，取出P4 + 7.5 mg PGF2α + 超声检查 + 采集第二次阴道样本；第13至16天，超声检查；第17至21天，对直径35 mm或更大卵泡的母马进行超声检查 + 750 IU hCG；第19至23天，超声检查（排卵检查）；第24至28天，胚胎移植 + 静脉注射氟尼辛葡甲胺；第30天，超声检查进行妊娠诊断。GP4OH组和GNP4组的母马接受与GP4组相同的给药方案，不同之处在于GNP4组在第0天未给予P4装置。尽管GP4组和GP4OH组均发生了中性粒细胞介导的炎症反应，但与GP4组相比，GP4OH组的炎症反应显著减轻（P < 0.0001）。从第0天至第17天，GP4组和GP4OH组母马每只动物发育的卵泡数量多于GNP4组母马（P < 0.05），且GP4组和GP4OH组母马卵泡的平均直径更大。GP4组、GP4OH组和GNP4组母马的排卵率分别为43.7%、64.3%和30.0%，排卵分别发生在取出P4后的6.8天、6.5天和23天（P < 0.05）。在第17天，GP4组、GP4OH组和GNP4组母马中分别有50%、64.2%和35.0%的母马出现子宫内膜水肿，胚胎移植后的妊娠率分别为80%、100%和66.6%。尽管阴道内装置在两个装置接受组中均引发了炎症反应（P = 0.0001），但炎症反应和阴道炎对卵泡直径、排卵率、取出P4后的排卵时间、子宫内膜水肿或妊娠率均无负面影响。此外，P4使卵巢功能重新激活，炎症反应清除了大部分细菌（芽孢杆菌属、肠杆菌属、变形杆菌属、假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属），尤其是在GP4组；在装置上应用盐酸土霉素和氢化可的松降低了阴道炎的严重程度。
