Gerez Juliana Rubira, Desto Stela Silva, Bracarense Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loureiro
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
Theriogenology. 2017 Mar 1;90:94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.10.023. Epub 2016 Nov 9.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequently found trichothecene mycotoxin that elicits toxic effects on humans and animals. In pigs, DON induces changes in digestive and immune systems. Effects on the reproductive system are scarce and mainly based in in vitro models. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using an ex vivo model, the effects of DON on the morphology of ovaries of pigs in all stages of follicular development. Six 5-month-old pigs were used for sampling the explants. Thirty-six explants were incubated for 48 hours in culture medium (n = 18) or medium containing 10 μM of DON (n = 18). After the incubation period, the explants were submitted to histologic and immunohistochemical (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA] expression) analysis. Histologic changes were scored, and a lesional score was established. Oocytes and follicular cells immunostained for PCNA were counted. Explants exposed to DON showed a significant increase in the lesional score (P = 0.0004) compared to control explants. The main histologic changes were degeneration of oocytes and granulosa cells, interstitial edema and pyknotic cells. DON induced a reduction in the number of normal follicles in all stages of follicular development: primordial (P = 0.005), primary (P = 0.04), and growing follicles (P = 0.04) compared to control group. Deoxynivalenol also induced a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the number of pyknotic oocytes in all stages of follicular development; however, no significant change in PCNA expression in oocytes or follicular cells was observed. These results indicated that DON induces toxic effects on the ovaries, affecting follicular development and interfering with reproductive parameters on pigs. Also, the present data indicate that ovarian explants are an adequate model for assessing reproductive toxicity.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是一种常见的单端孢霉烯族霉菌毒素，可对人类和动物产生毒性作用。在猪身上，DON会引起消化系统和免疫系统的变化。对生殖系统的影响较少，且主要基于体外模型。本研究的目的是使用体外模型评估DON对处于卵泡发育各阶段的猪卵巢形态的影响。选用6头5月龄猪采集外植体。将36个外植体在培养基（n = 18）或含有10μM DON的培养基（n = 18）中培养48小时。培养期结束后，对外植体进行组织学和免疫组织化学（增殖细胞核抗原[PCNA]表达）分析。对组织学变化进行评分，并建立损伤评分。对PCNA免疫染色的卵母细胞和卵泡细胞进行计数。与对照外植体相比，暴露于DON的外植体损伤评分显著增加（P = 0.0004）。主要组织学变化为卵母细胞和颗粒细胞变性、间质水肿和固缩细胞。与对照组相比，DON导致卵泡发育各阶段正常卵泡数量减少：原始卵泡（P = 0.005）、初级卵泡（P = 0.04）和生长卵泡（P = 0.04）。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇还导致卵泡发育各阶段固缩卵母细胞数量显著增加（P≤0.05）；然而，未观察到卵母细胞或卵泡细胞中PCNA表达的显著变化。这些结果表明，DON对卵巢产生毒性作用，影响卵泡发育并干扰猪的生殖参数。此外，目前的数据表明卵巢外植体是评估生殖毒性的合适模型。
