Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, 1155 Imaculada Conceição Street, Prado Velho, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Sciences-Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 100 Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba 81530-000, Brazil.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Jan 25;14(2):90. doi: 10.3390/toxins14020090.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi that contaminates many crops, mainly wheat, maize, and barley. It affects animal health, causing intestinal barrier impairment and immunostimulatory effect in low doses and emesis, reduction in feed conversion rate, and immunosuppression in high doses. As it is very hard to completely avoid DON's production in the field, mitigatory methods have been developed. Biodegradation has become a promising method as new microorganisms are studied and new enzymatic routes are described. Understanding the common root of bacteria with DON degradation capability and the relationship with their place of isolation may bring insights for more effective ways to find DON-degrading microorganisms. The purpose of this review is to bring an overview of the occurrence, regulation, metabolism, and toxicology of DON as addressed in recent publications focusing on animal production, as well as to explore the enzymatic routes described for DON's degradation by microorganisms and the phylogenetic relationship among them.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是一种真菌产生的有毒次生代谢物，污染了许多作物，主要是小麦、玉米和大麦。它会影响动物健康，低剂量会损害肠道屏障并产生免疫刺激作用，高剂量会导致呕吐、降低饲料转化率和免疫抑制。由于在田间很难完全避免 DON 的产生，因此已经开发了缓解方法。生物降解已成为一种很有前途的方法，因为新的微生物正在被研究，新的酶途径也在被描述。了解具有 DON 降解能力的细菌的共同根源及其与分离地点的关系，可能为寻找 DON 降解微生物提供更有效的方法。本文综述了最近关于 DON 在动物生产中的发生、调控、代谢和毒理学的出版物，探讨了微生物对 DON 降解的酶途径及其之间的系统发育关系。
