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从德国深度事故数据观察乘用车前部形状对行人受伤风险的影响。

The influence of passenger car front shape on pedestrian injury risk observed from German in-depth accident data.

作者信息

Li Guibing, Lyons Mathew, Wang Bingyu, Yang Jikuang, Otte Dietmar, Simms Ciaran

机构信息

School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.

Edinburgh University School of Medicine, Chancellors Building, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.

出版信息

Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Apr;101:11-21. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.01.012. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Abstract

Quantified relationships between passenger car front shape and pedestrian injury risk derived from accident data are sparse, especially considering the significant recent changes in car front design. The purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate the detailed effects of passenger car front shape on injury risk to a pedestrian's head, thorax, pelvis and leg in the event of a vehicle pedestrian impact. Firstly, an accident sample of 594 pedestrian cases captured during 2000-2015 from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) database was employed. Multicollinearity diagnostic statistics were then used to detect multicollinearity between the predictors. Following this, logistic regression was applied to quantify the effects of passenger car front shape on injury risks while controlling for impact speed and pedestrian age. Results indicate that the bumper lower depth (BLD), bumper lower height (BLH), bumper upper height (BUH) and normalised bumper lower/upper height (NBLH/NBUH) are statistically significant for AIS2+ leg injury risk. The normalised bonnet leading edge height (NBLEH) has a statistically significant influence on AIS2+ femur/pelvis injury occurrence. The passenger car front shape did not show statistical significance for AIS3+ thorax and head injuries. The impact speed and pedestrian age are generally significant factors influencing AIS2+ leg and pelvis injuries, and AIS3+ thorax and head injuries. However, when head impacts are fixed on the central windscreen region both pedestrian age and impact speed are not statistically significant for AIS3+ head injury. For quantified effects, when controlling for speed, age and BUH, an average 7% and 6% increase in AIS2+ leg injury odds was observed for every 1cm increase in BLD and BLH respectively; 1cm increase in BUH results in a 7% decrease in AIS2+ leg injury odds when the BLD or BLH are fixed respectively (again controlling for impact speed and pedestrian age); the average AIS2+ femur/pelvis injury odds increase by 74% for a 10% increase in NBLEH. These findings suggest that passenger car bumpers should support the lower leg with a low and flat lower bumper and even contact up to the femur area with a high upper bumper which extends above the knee to protect the pedestrian's leg. A low passenger car bonnet leading edge helps to reduce femur/pelvis injury risk. The passenger car front shape parameters are less influential than impact speed and pedestrian age for pedestrian injury risk.

摘要

从事故数据得出的乘用车前部形状与行人受伤风险之间的量化关系很少,尤其是考虑到近期汽车前部设计发生的重大变化。因此,本文的目的是研究乘用车前部形状对车辆与行人碰撞时行人头部、胸部、骨盆和腿部受伤风险的详细影响。首先,采用了从德国深度事故研究(GIDAS)数据库中获取的2000年至2015年期间594起行人事故样本。然后使用多重共线性诊断统计量来检测预测变量之间的多重共线性。在此之后,应用逻辑回归来量化乘用车前部形状对受伤风险的影响,同时控制碰撞速度和行人年龄。结果表明,保险杠下部深度(BLD)、保险杠下部高度(BLH)、保险杠上部高度(BUH)以及标准化保险杠下部/上部高度(NBLH/NBUH)对AIS2+级腿部受伤风险具有统计学意义。标准化发动机罩前缘高度(NBLEH)对AIS2+级股骨/骨盆受伤发生率具有统计学意义。乘用车前部形状对AIS3+级胸部和头部受伤没有统计学意义。碰撞速度和行人年龄通常是影响AIS2+级腿部和骨盆受伤以及AIS3+级胸部和头部受伤的重要因素。然而,当头部撞击固定在中央挡风玻璃区域时,对于AIS3+级头部受伤,行人年龄和碰撞速度均无统计学意义。对于量化影响,在控制速度、年龄和BUH的情况下,当BLD和BLH分别每增加1厘米时,观察到AIS2+级腿部受伤几率平均分别增加7%和6%;当分别固定BLD或BLH时(同样控制碰撞速度和行人年龄),BUH每增加1厘米,AIS2+级腿部受伤几率降低7%;NBLEH每增加10%,AIS2+级股骨/骨盆受伤几率平均增加74%。这些发现表明,乘用车保险杠应以低而平的下部保险杠支撑小腿,并以高上部保险杠与股骨区域均匀接触,该上部保险杠延伸至膝盖上方以保护行人的腿部。较低的乘用车发动机罩前缘有助于降低股骨/骨盆受伤风险。对于行人受伤风险而言,乘用车前部形状参数的影响小于碰撞速度和行人年龄。

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