Guiloski Izonete Cristina, Stein Piancini Laercio Dante, Dagostim Ana Carolina, de Morais Calado Sabrina Loise, Fávaro Luis Fernando, Boschen Suelen Lúcio, Cestari Marta Margarete, da Cunha Cláudio, Silva de Assis Helena Cristina
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, 81530-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 May;139:291-300. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.053. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment and its impact on humans and the ecosystem are emerging issues in environmental health. This study evaluated the potential biochemical, genetic and reproductive effects of the diclofenac by waterborne exposure, in a semi-static bioassay for 21 days. The fish Rhamdia quelen were exposed to environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0, 0.2, 2 and 20µg/L). The results showed that in the liver, diclofenac reduced the catalase and ethoxyresorufin- O- deethylase activities in fish exposed to 2µg/L, and superoxide dismutase in all exposed groups. The levels of reduced glutathione and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased at all tested concentrations. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was reduced in the groups exposed to 0.2 and 20µg/L of diclofenac, but there was no protein oxidation. In the testis, the concentration of 0.2µg/L caused major changes as inhibition of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and GST activities and also LPO decrease. Diclofenac was not genotoxic and not altered plasma testosterone and estradiol levels and testicular morphology. In brain, there was a reduction of dopamine and its metabolite DOPAC (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) in exposure to diclofenac, but this not disrupted the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
水环境中药物的存在及其对人类和生态系统的影响是环境卫生领域中正在出现的问题。本研究通过21天的半静态生物测定法，评估了双氯芬酸经水体暴露后的潜在生化、遗传和生殖效应。将奎氏溪蟾鱼暴露于环境浓度的双氯芬酸（0、0.2、2和20μg/L）中。结果表明，在肝脏中，双氯芬酸使暴露于2μg/L的鱼体内过氧化氢酶和乙氧基异吩唑酮 - O - 脱乙基酶活性降低，并使所有暴露组的超氧化物歧化酶活性降低。在所有测试浓度下，还原型谷胱甘肽水平和谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶（GST）活性均升高。暴露于0.2和20μg/L双氯芬酸的组中脂质过氧化（LPO）降低，但不存在蛋白质氧化。在睾丸中，0.2μg/L的浓度引起了主要变化，如超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和GST活性受到抑制，LPO也降低。双氯芬酸没有遗传毒性，也未改变血浆睾酮和雌二醇水平以及睾丸形态。在大脑中，暴露于双氯芬酸会使多巴胺及其代谢物3,4 - 二羟基苯乙酸（DOPAC）减少，但这并未破坏下丘脑 - 垂体 - 性腺轴。
