Charlesworth B
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Nov;75(11):5618-22. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.11.5618.
Some difficulties with the classical model for the evolution of a genetically invert Y chromosome are discussed. An alternative model is proposed, which is based on the principle of Mullers ratchet; this involves the accumulation of chromosomes bearing deleterious mutant genes in a finite population in the absence of crossing-over. This process would result in the gradual increase, with time, in the number of mutant loci carried in an average Y chromosome, although the frequency of individual deleterious alleles at most loci remains low. It is shown that this creates a selection pressure for differentially increasing the activity of the X chromosome in heterogametic individuals at the expense of that of the Y, leading eventually to a genetically inert Y chromosome and to the evolution of dosage compensation.
讨论了经典的Y染色体遗传倒位进化模型存在的一些困难。提出了一种基于穆勒棘轮原理的替代模型；这涉及在没有交叉的有限群体中携带有害突变基因的染色体的积累。这个过程将导致随着时间的推移，平均Y染色体上携带的突变位点数量逐渐增加，尽管大多数位点上单个有害等位基因的频率仍然很低。结果表明，这为以牺牲Y染色体活性为代价，差异性地增加异配性别个体中X染色体的活性创造了选择压力，最终导致Y染色体遗传惰性以及剂量补偿的进化。
