Rosselin Manon, Santo-Domingo Jaime, Bermont Flavien, Giacomello Marta, Demaurex Nicolas
Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland.
EMBO Rep. 2017 Mar;18(3):451-463. doi: 10.15252/embr.201642931. Epub 2017 Feb 7.
Mitochondrial flashes mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) fusion protein are bioenergetic responses to stochastic drops in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) whose origin is unclear. Using structurally distinct genetically encoded pH-sensitive probes, we confirm that flashes are matrix alkalinization transients, thereby establishing the pH nature of these events, which we renamed "mitopHlashes". Probes located in cristae or intermembrane space as verified by electron microscopy do not report pH changes during Δψ drops or respiratory chain inhibition. ablation does not alter Δψ fluctuations but drastically decreases the efficiency of mitopHlash/Δψ coupling, which is restored by re-expressing fusion-deficient OPA1 and preserved in cells lacking the outer-membrane fusion proteins MFN1/2 or the OPA1 proteases OMA1 and YME1L, indicating that mitochondrial membrane fusion and OPA1 proteolytic processing are dispensable. pH/Δψ uncoupling occurs early during staurosporine-induced apoptosis and is mitigated by OPA1 overexpression, suggesting that OPA1 maintains mitopHlash competence during stress conditions. We propose that OPA1 stabilizes respiratory chain supercomplexes in a conformation that enables respiring mitochondria to compensate a drop in Δψ by an explosive matrix pH flash.
由视神经萎缩蛋白1(OPA1)融合蛋白介导的线粒体闪烁是对线粒体膜电位(Δψ)随机下降的生物能量反应,其起源尚不清楚。使用结构不同的基因编码pH敏感探针,我们证实闪烁是基质碱化瞬变,从而确定了这些事件的pH性质,我们将其重新命名为“线粒体pH闪烁”。通过电子显微镜验证位于嵴或膜间隙中的探针在Δψ下降或呼吸链抑制期间未报告pH变化。OPA1缺失不会改变Δψ波动,但会大幅降低线粒体pH闪烁/Δψ偶联的效率,通过重新表达融合缺陷型OPA1可恢复该效率,并且在缺乏外膜融合蛋白MFN1/2或OPA1蛋白酶OMA1和YME1L的细胞中得以保留,这表明线粒体膜融合和OPA1蛋白水解加工是不必要的。pH/Δψ解偶联在星形孢菌素诱导的细胞凋亡早期发生,并通过OPA1过表达得到缓解,这表明OPA1在应激条件下维持线粒体pH闪烁能力。我们提出,OPA1以一种构象稳定呼吸链超复合物,使呼吸的线粒体能够通过爆发性的基质pH闪烁来补偿Δψ的下降。