Raghavendran Anantharam, Hernandez Alexandra L, Lensing Shelly, Gnanamony Manu, Karthik Rajiv, Sivasubramanian Murgesan, Kannangai Rajesh, Abraham Priya, Mathai Dilip, Palefsky Joel M
From the *Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; †Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; ‡Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; §Department of Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; and ¶The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India.
Sex Transm Dis. 2017 Mar;44(3):173-180. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000564.
The incidence of penile cancer in Indian men is high. Little is known about genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Indian HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM), a population that may be at particularly high risk for genital HPV infection and, potentially, penile cancer. In this study, we assessed the prevalence and risk factors for genital HPV infection in this population.
Three hundred HIV-seropositive MSM were recruited from 2 clinical sites in India. They were tested for genital HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. Participants received an interviewer-administered questionnaire that included questions on demographics and behaviors.
Human papillomavirus data were available from 299 participants. The prevalence of any HPV type in the penis and scrotum was 55% and 54%, respectively. Human papillomavirus type 35 was the most common oncogenic HPV type followed by HPV-16. In multivariate analysis, being the insertive partner with 100+ male partners increased the odds of any penile HPV infection compared with not being insertive with any partners (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-5.1). Circumcision was protective against penile HPV infection (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.76).
The prevalence of penile and scrotal HPV infection was high among Indian HIV-seropositive MSM. The most common oncogenic HPV type in this population, HPV-35, is not included in any currently available HPV vaccines. Insertive anal sex with men and lack of circumcision were the primary risk factors for penile HPV infection in this population.
印度男性阴茎癌的发病率较高。对于印度男男性行为者（MSM）中感染人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的情况知之甚少，这一人群可能特别容易感染生殖器HPV，进而有可能患阴茎癌。在本研究中，我们评估了该人群中生殖器HPV感染的患病率及危险因素。
从印度的2个临床地点招募了300名HIV血清阳性的男男性行为者。采用L1 HPV DNA聚合酶链反应及针对29种类型和另外10种类型混合物的特异性探针检测他们的生殖器HPV感染情况。参与者接受了由访谈员管理的问卷调查，其中包括关于人口统计学和行为的问题。
299名参与者提供了HPV数据。阴茎和阴囊中任何HPV类型的患病率分别为55%和54%。HPV 35型是最常见的致癌HPV类型，其次是HPV - 16型。在多变量分析中，与未与任何伴侣发生插入性行为相比，与100名以上男性伴侣发生插入性行为会增加阴茎HPV感染的几率（优势比为2.5；95%置信区间为1.3 - 5.1）。包皮环切术可预防阴茎HPV感染（优势比为0.39；95%置信区间为0.19 - 0.76）。
在印度HIV血清阳性的男男性行为者中，阴茎和阴囊HPV感染的患病率较高。该人群中最常见的致癌HPV类型HPV - 35型未包含在任何现有的HPV疫苗中。与男性发生插入式肛交和未进行包皮环切术是该人群阴茎HPV感染的主要危险因素。
