Challenges for the WFD second management cycle after the implementation of a regional multi-municipality sanitation system in a coastal lagoon (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal).

In the scope of the first WDF management cycle, a multi-municipality sanitation system with secondary treatment was implemented in 2005 in Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon, with the treated effluent discharging into the Atlantic Ocean through a submarine outfall. The lagoon water chemical status was evaluated regarding dissolved inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a before and after 2005. The S. Jacinto outfall has effectively reduced the point source nutrient loads (ammonium and phosphate) into Ria de Aveiro, representing a step forward for the implementation of the WFD, through eutrophication abatement. However, the lagoon remains exposed to non-point nitrogen sources, as a consequence of the current land use and water management, which in a scenario of winter extreme precipitation events, nutrients increase through surface run-off. Besides, in a combined scenario of low freshwater input into the lagoon and favourable oceanic condition, nutrients enter through Ria outer boundary coming from the S. Jacinto outfall. Thus, changes in the system hydrodynamics in the context of global change might pose new challenges regarding the WFD second management cycle involving the second river basin management plan and the first flood risk management plan, foreseeing the 'Good' ecological status in all Ria's Water Bodies.