CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil (BEX: 8926/13-1), Caixa Postal 250, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2022 Mar 5;18(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13002-022-00507-x.
The cockle is available to numerous fishing villages in Europe, especially Portugal. In the Ria de Aveiro, there is a lack of a fisheries management program and the need for new ecological studies on cockle biology, ecology, and conservation. We shared local ecological knowledge (LEK) highlights about the cockle-Cerastoderma edule (Linnaeus 1758) in the Ria de Aveiro in favor of adaptive management of this bioresource.
Semi-structured interviews with sixty shellfishers in this coastal lagoon were carried out during April and May 2021. LEK data on the biology and ecology of the cockle were analyzed using an ethical-emic approach and the model of integration of different individual skills. These informal data were compared with previously published data for the species, the Fish Base, and GBIF databases.
The average minimum size of the cockle for capture was 23.4 mm, and the average capture per tide was 137.12 kg. The areas with the highest productivity and the most shellfish were RIAV1 and RIAV2. Cockles inhabit areas of sand and mud at an average depth of 2.71 cm. Feeds are mainly small particles, plankton, mud, and algae. The main predators were crabs, European plaice, and bird species. Cockles spawn primarily in late spring and summer. As of 2010, there was a slight decrease in cockle stocks in the Ria de Aveiro due to overfishing, increased rainfall, and changes in the sediment. Considering and analyzing this knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the environmental context the cockles thrive in the view of users of the natural resource.
Informal data shared by shellfishers in the Ria de Aveiro were typical of filter-feeding bivalves. LEK may assist in planning future management plans for cockles, and unrefuted data may serve as untestable hypotheses. Ethnobiological studies in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon with other species may improve the management of this system since multiple fisheries are carried out in this coastal area.
在欧洲，有许多渔村都可以捕捞到贻贝，尤其是在葡萄牙。在阿威罗泻湖，缺乏渔业管理计划，需要对贻贝的生物学、生态学和保护进行新的生态研究。我们分享了阿威罗泻湖当地有关贻贝（Cerastoderma edule（Linnaeus 1758））的生态知识要点，以有利于这种生物资源的适应性管理。
在 2021 年 4 月和 5 月期间，对该沿海泻湖的 60 名贝类养殖者进行了半结构化访谈。使用伦理-主位方法和整合不同个体技能的模型分析了有关贻贝生物学和生态学的本地生态知识数据。这些非正规数据与该物种的先前发表数据、Fish Base 和 GBIF 数据库进行了比较。
捕获贻贝的平均最小尺寸为 23.4 毫米，平均每潮水捕获量为 137.12 公斤。生产力最高和贝类最多的区域是 RIAV1 和 RIAV2。贻贝栖息在平均水深为 2.71 厘米的沙质和泥质区域。食物主要是小颗粒、浮游生物、泥和藻类。主要的捕食者是螃蟹、欧洲牙鲆和鸟类。贻贝主要在春末和夏季产卵。自 2010 年以来，由于过度捕捞、降雨量增加和沉积物变化，阿威罗泻湖的贻贝数量略有减少。考虑和分析这些知识对于更好地了解资源使用者所处的环境背景至关重要。
阿威罗泻湖贝类养殖者分享的非正规数据是滤食性双壳类动物的典型特征。本地生态知识可以帮助规划贻贝的未来管理计划，未经反驳的数据可以作为未经检验的假设。对泻湖中的其他物种进行民族生物学研究可以改善该系统的管理，因为在这个沿海地区进行了多种渔业活动。
