Chawla Kashmira S, Rutkow Lainie, Garber Kent, Kushner Adam L, Stewart Barclay T
Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 909 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
Department of Surgery, 1015 Walnut Street, Curtis Building, Suite 620, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
World J Surg. 2017 May;41(5):1208-1217. doi: 10.1007/s00268-016-3866-6.
Access to quality and timely emergency and essential surgical care and anesthesia (EESCA) is an integral component of the right to health as reinforced by the ratification of the World Health Assembly Resolution 68.15. However, this resolution is merely a guideline and has not been able to bolster the necessary political will to promote EESCA. Our objective was to evaluate international treaties, which carry legal obligations, for EESCA-related text, and develop a human rights-based framework to support EESCA advancement and advocacy.
We conducted a comprehensive review of all the UN Treaty Collection-Certified True Copies (CTCs) of multilateral treaties database from December 2015 to April 2016. The relevant text was manually searched to abstract and analyze to identify major themes supporting a human rights-based approach to EESCA.
Multiple treaties in the UN database addressed EESCA in the areas of human rights, refugees and stateless persons, health, penal matters, and disarmament. A total of 13 treaties containing 23 articles had language that endorsed aspects of EESCA. The three major themes, supported by the phraseology in the treaties, included: (1) equal access to EESCA (eight articles); (2) timely care of injured and those with emergency surgical conditions (eight articles); and (3) protection, rehabilitation, psychosocial support, and social security (seven articles).
A number of United Nations multilateral treaties support available and equitable EESCA. These findings can be used to galvanize support and encourage signatory Member States to promote and implement EESCA development initiatives.
获得优质且及时的急诊与基本外科护理及麻醉服务（EESCA）是经世界卫生大会第68.15号决议批准后得到强化的健康权的一个组成部分。然而，该决议仅仅是一项指导方针，未能增强推动EESCA所需的政治意愿。我们的目标是评估具有法律义务的国际条约中与EESCA相关的文本，并制定一个基于人权的框架以支持EESCA的推进和宣传。
我们对2015年12月至2016年4月期间联合国多边条约数据库中的所有经认证的真实副本（CTCs）进行了全面审查。手动搜索相关文本以进行摘要和分析，以确定支持基于人权的EESCA方法的主要主题。
联合国数据库中的多项条约在人权、难民和无国籍人士、健康、刑事事项及裁军等领域涉及了EESCA。共有13项条约包含23条条款，其措辞认可了EESCA的各个方面。条约措辞所支持的三个主要主题包括：（1）平等获得EESCA（8条条款）；（2）及时护理受伤人员和患有急诊外科疾病的人员（8条条款）；以及（3）保护、康复、心理社会支持和社会保障（7条条款）。
一些联合国多边条约支持可得且公平的EESCA。这些发现可用于激发支持，并鼓励签署国促进和实施EESCA发展倡议。
