社会保障政策选项的分配影响。

The Distributional Impact of Social Security Policy Options.

作者信息

Couch Kenneth A, Reznik Gayle L, Tamborini Christopher R, Iams Howard M

机构信息

1 University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

2 Office of Retirement Policy, Social Security Administration, Washington, DC, USA.

出版信息

Res Aging. 2017 Jan;39(1):135-165. doi: 10.1177/0164027516656140.

DOI:10.1177/0164027516656140

PMID:28181868

Abstract

Using microsimulation, we estimate the effects of three policy proposals that would alter Social Security's eligibility rules or benefit structure to reflect changes in women's labor force activity, marital patterns, and differential mortality among the aged. First, we estimate a set of options related to the duration of marriage required to receive divorced spouse and survivor benefits. Second, we estimate the effects of an earnings sharing proposal with survivor benefits, in which benefits are based entirely on earned benefits with spouses sharing their earnings during years of marriage. Third, we estimate the effects of adjusting benefits to reflect the increasing differential life expectancy by lifetime earnings. The results advance our understanding of the distributional effects of these alternative policy options on projected benefits and retirement income, including poverty and supplemental poverty status, of divorced and widowed women aged 60 or older in 2030.

摘要

我们使用微观模拟方法，估算了三项政策提议的影响，这些提议将改变社会保障的资格规则或福利结构，以反映女性劳动力活动、婚姻模式以及老年人死亡率差异的变化。首先，我们估算了一组与领取离异配偶及遗属福利所需婚姻持续时间相关的选项。其次，我们估算了一项带有遗属福利的收入分享提议的影响，在该提议中，福利完全基于应享福利，配偶在婚姻存续期间分享其收入。第三，我们估算了根据终身收入调整福利以反映预期寿命差异不断增大的影响。这些结果增进了我们对这些替代政策选项对2030年60岁及以上离异和丧偶女性预计福利及退休收入（包括贫困和补充贫困状况）的分配效应的理解。