Aschenbrenner Anna C, Schultze Joachim L
Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, Carl Troll Strasse 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics Unit at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
Pflugers Arch. 2017 Apr;469(3-4):375-383. doi: 10.1007/s00424-017-1943-9. Epub 2017 Feb 9.
Tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages are under continuous influence from environmental signals that define their activation status. Along these lines, macrophages integrate tissue and stress signals and are specifically programmed by these signals towards a spectrum of functions necessary to fulfill their duty within their particular microenvironment, be it homeostatic tissue function, response to inflammatory pathophysiology, or even resolution of an inflammation. Recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding how macrophages at different sites are transcriptionally and epigenetically programmed to execute their diverse tasks throughout the body. The identification of transcription factors guiding these reprogramming activities is currently a major topic in macrophage research. We summarize the most recent findings within the last 18 months concerning the identification of novel transcription factors associated with particular macrophage location or function. Furthermore, we extend the view of cellular programming of macrophages to additional levels of regulation, for example, by long non-coding RNAs. Clearly, in addition to transcription factors, there are many more "programmers" shaping the versatile functionality of these exciting innate immune cells.
组织巨噬细胞和单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞持续受到决定其激活状态的环境信号的影响。沿着这些思路，巨噬细胞整合组织和应激信号，并被这些信号特异性地编程，以发挥一系列功能，这些功能是它们在特定微环境中履行职责所必需的，无论是稳态组织功能、对炎症病理生理学的反应，还是炎症的消退。近年来，我们对不同部位的巨噬细胞如何在转录和表观遗传水平上被编程以在全身执行其多样任务的理解取得了巨大进展。确定指导这些重编程活动的转录因子目前是巨噬细胞研究的一个主要课题。我们总结了过去18个月内关于鉴定与特定巨噬细胞位置或功能相关的新型转录因子的最新发现。此外，我们将巨噬细胞的细胞编程观点扩展到其他调控水平，例如长链非编码RNA。显然，除了转录因子之外，还有更多的“编程者”塑造着这些令人兴奋的固有免疫细胞的多功能性。
