Morzel Martine, Truntzer Caroline, Neyraud Eric, Brignot Hélène, Ducoroy Patrick, Lucchi Géraldine, Canlet Cécile, Gaillard Ségolène, Nicod Florian, Nicklaus Sophie, Peretti Noël, Feron Gilles
Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
CLIPP (Clinical Innovation Proteomic Platform), Pôle de Recherche Université de Bourgogne, F- 21000 Dijon, France.
Physiol Behav. 2017 May 1;173:116-123. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Identifying objective markers of diet would be beneficial to research fields such as nutritional epidemiology. As a preliminary study on the validity of using saliva for this purpose, and in order to explore the relationship between saliva and diet, we focused on clearly contrasted groups of children: children with eating difficulties (ED) receiving at least 50% of their energy intake through artificial nutrition vs healthy controls (C). Saliva of ED and C children was analyzed by various methods (targeted biochemical analyses, 2-D electrophoresis coupled to MS, H NMR) and their diet was characterized using food frequency questionnaires, considering 148 food items grouped into 13 categories. Complete datasets were obtained for 16 ED and 16 C subjects (median age 4.7y and 5.0y, respectively) and the statistical link between salivary and dietary characteristics was studied by Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Overall, ED children showed as expected lower consumption frequency scores and higher food selectivity. The two groups of children differed in "diet/saliva" associations. Some distinctive salivary variables were common to both groups of children. For example, carbonic anhydrase 6 and the consumption frequency of biscuits & sweets and drinks were positively associated with the MFA axis 1 in C children, but oppositely associated in ED children. Specifically for ED children, abundant salivary proteins (cystatins, amylase, amylase fragments) and some metabolites (amino acids, galactose, lactate) correlated with axis 1, together with the consumption frequency of sauces & seasonings, bread & cereal products, ready-to-eat meals, fish, biscuits & sweets, drinks and potatoes. Specifically for C children, several proteins (serum albumin, haptoglobin, Igκ, apolipoprotein A-1, α-1 antitrypsin) correlated with axis 1, together with the consumption frequency of biscuits & sweets, milk & dairy products, drinks, fruit, meat and vegetables. This study demonstrates that the qualitative aspect of diet is linked to saliva composition, and that the associations between dietary consumption and salivary composition differ between groups of subjects with contrasted diets.
识别饮食的客观标志物将有益于营养流行病学等研究领域。作为关于为此目的使用唾液的有效性的初步研究，并且为了探索唾液与饮食之间的关系，我们聚焦于两组形成鲜明对比的儿童：通过人工营养摄入至少50%能量的饮食困难（ED）儿童与健康对照（C）儿童。通过多种方法（靶向生化分析、二维电泳结合质谱、核磁共振氢谱）分析ED儿童和C儿童的唾液，并使用食物频率问卷对他们的饮食进行特征描述，问卷考虑了分为13类的148种食物。获得了16名ED受试者和16名C受试者（中位年龄分别为4.7岁和5.0岁）的完整数据集，并通过多因素分析（MFA）研究唾液和饮食特征之间的统计联系。总体而言，ED儿童如预期的那样表现出较低的消费频率得分和较高的食物选择性。两组儿童在“饮食/唾液”关联方面存在差异。两组儿童有一些独特的唾液变量是相同的。例如，碳酸酐酶6以及饼干、糖果和饮料的消费频率在C儿童中与多因素分析轴1呈正相关，但在ED儿童中呈相反相关。具体对于ED儿童，丰富的唾液蛋白（胱抑素、淀粉酶、淀粉酶片段）和一些代谢物（氨基酸、半乳糖、乳酸）与轴1相关，同时还有调味汁和调味料、面包和谷物制品、即食餐、鱼、饼干和糖果、饮料以及土豆的消费频率。具体对于C儿童，几种蛋白质（血清白蛋白、触珠蛋白、免疫球蛋白κ、载脂蛋白A-1、α-1抗胰蛋白酶）与轴1相关，同时还有饼干和糖果、牛奶和乳制品、饮料、水果、肉类和蔬菜的消费频率。这项研究表明饮食的质量方面与唾液成分有关，并且在饮食形成对比的受试者组之间，饮食消费与唾液成分之间的关联有所不同。
