Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM U1048, F-31432, Toulouse, France.
Université Paul Sabatier III (UPS), F-31432, Toulouse, France.
J Physiol Biochem. 2021 Feb;77(1):155-166. doi: 10.1007/s13105-020-00757-x. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Saliva plays a key role in food absorption and digestion mainly due to both its enzymes and microbiota. The main objective of this study was to compare the oral microbiota and salivary parameters between men and women in response to feeding. To answer this question, we set up a pilot study on 10 male and 10 female subjects to examine the role of saliva in glycaemia physiology. Biological parameters and the microbiotal composition of saliva were analyzed in fasted and fed states. The results show that the level of blood glucose was not different between men and women in the fasted state (88.00 mg/dL ± 6.38 vs 87.00 mg/dL ±8.07, p = 0.9149) or in the fed state (102.44 mg/dL ± 14.03 vs 116.9 mg/dL ± 25, p = 0.1362). Free fatty acids (FFA 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.07 mmol/L ± 0.07, p = 0,0078), cholesterol (0.53 mmol/L ± 0.30 vs 0.15 mmol/L ± 0.14, p < 0.0001), and total saliva proteins (13.2 g/L ± 4.31 vs 9.02 g/L ± 6.98, p = 0.0168) were decreased after feeding, as well as the saliva lipase (27.89 U/L ± 25.7 vs 12.28 U/L ± 4.85, p = 0.0126). A very significant increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae (24.56 ± 9.32 vs 13.53 ± 7.47, p = 0.00055) and a decrease in Prevotellaceae (34.45 ± 9.30 vs 17.43 ± 9.03, p = 0.00055) were observed in the fed condition. When investigating gender-related differences in the fasted state, men showed higher levels of cholesterol (0.71 mmol/L ± 0.26 vs 0.40 mmol/L ± 0.27, p = 0.0329), FFA (0.25 mmol/L ± 0.18 vs 0.08 mmol/L ± 0.06, p = 0.0049), and triglycerides (0.24 mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.09 mmol/L ± 0.04, p = 0.006) than women. Finally, differences could be observed in saliva microbiota between men and women in the fasted condition but even more in the fed condition, where Porphyromonas and Capnocytophaga were overrepresented in the male salivary samples compared with female saliva. Thus, biological parameters and microbiota in saliva could be the signatures of the feeding conditions and sex gender status.
唾液在食物吸收和消化中起着关键作用，主要是由于其酶和微生物群。本研究的主要目的是比较男性和女性在进食时口腔微生物群和唾液参数的变化。为了回答这个问题，我们设立了一个试点研究，纳入 10 名男性和 10 名女性受试者，以研究唾液在血糖生理学中的作用。在禁食和进食状态下分析了生物参数和唾液的微生物组成。结果表明，男性和女性在禁食状态下（88.00mg/dL±6.38 vs 87.00mg/dL±8.07，p=0.9149）或进食状态下（102.44mg/dL±14.03 vs 116.9mg/dL±25，p=0.1362）的血糖水平无差异。游离脂肪酸（FFA 0.15mmol/L±0.15 vs 0.07mmol/L±0.07，p=0.0078）、胆固醇（0.53mmol/L±0.30 vs 0.15mmol/L±0.14，p<0.0001）和总唾液蛋白（13.2g/L±4.31 vs 9.02g/L±6.98，p=0.0168）在进食后降低，唾液脂肪酶（27.89U/L±25.7 vs 12.28U/L±4.85，p=0.0126）也降低。在进食状态下，链球菌科的相对丰度显著增加（24.56±9.32 vs 13.53±7.47，p=0.00055），普雷沃氏菌科减少（34.45±9.30 vs 17.43±9.03，p=0.00055）。在禁食状态下，男性的胆固醇（0.71mmol/L±0.26 vs 0.40mmol/L±0.27，p=0.0329）、FFA（0.25mmol/L±0.18 vs 0.08mmol/L±0.06，p=0.0049）和甘油三酯（0.24mmol/L±0.15 vs 0.09mmol/L±0.04，p=0.006）水平均高于女性。最后，男性和女性在禁食状态下的唾液微生物群存在差异，在进食状态下的差异更大，与女性唾液相比，男性唾液中卟啉单胞菌属和二氧化碳噬纤维菌属的丰度更高。因此，唾液中的生物学参数和微生物群可能是进食条件和性别状态的特征。
