Pratt O E, Tucker M M
Brain Damage Research Trust, London, U.K.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1989;24(5):453-64.
The main problem areas posed by either alcohol or alcoholism in the workplace are identified as alcohol-related accidents, reduced work performance and loss of working time. In addition to the heavy costs of these problems for industry, it is suggested that a further and generally ignored burden comes from the premature death in middle life of alcoholics who will include a disproportionately large number of top management and more skilled employees. A comparison with the history of alcohol-related road traffic accidents suggests that there is scope for large savings from an effective campaign to reduce the incidence of alcohol-related problems in the workplace. An outline is given of the managerial steps involved in setting up and running a company alcohol programme and North American and early U.K. experience is assessed to indicate the approaches most likely to lead to effective prevention. An analysis is attempted of the conditions needed for effectiveness and the reasons for the reported high success rate of many existing programmes. Background information is provided of the resources available to assist such a project, including specialist organizations, publications, videos and facilities for staff training.
工作场所中酒精或酗酒引发的主要问题领域被认定为与酒精相关的事故、工作绩效下降以及工作时间损失。除了这些问题给企业带来的沉重成本外，有人指出，酗酒者中年过早死亡带来了另一个通常被忽视的负担，其中包括数量不成比例的高层管理人员和技术更熟练的员工。与酒精相关的道路交通事故历史进行比较表明，开展有效活动以减少工作场所与酒精相关问题的发生率有望大幅节省成本。文中概述了设立和运行公司酒精计划所涉及的管理步骤，并评估了北美和英国早期的经验，以指出最有可能实现有效预防的方法。尝试分析有效性所需的条件以及许多现有计划报告的高成功率的原因。提供了可用于协助此类项目的资源的背景信息，包括专业组织、出版物、视频以及员工培训设施。
